高速铁路CRTSⅢ型先张轨道板质量控制关键技术探讨

通过对高速铁路CRTSⅢ型双向先张预应力轨道板初张拉和终张拉过程完成后单根预应力筋张拉力的测试分析,提出"初张拉控制均匀性、终张拉控制总张拉力"的控制理念,并提出初张拉力值偏差应控制在3 k N以内。针对轨道板早期脱模特点,提出胶凝材料粒度匹配和活性激发技术;为减少板底浮浆、实现骨料适量自然外露,提出减小混凝土坍落度、多层连续浇筑的技术措施。     

轨下垫板刚度的时变特性及其影响研究

以WJ7-A型轨下垫板为对象,测试轨下胶垫刚度随服役时间的变化,分析垫板刚度的时变特性;然后以此为基础,建立车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学模型,研究轨下胶垫时变特性对轮轨随机振动响应的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着服役时间的增长,轨下橡胶垫板的刚度将增大,2年后垫板刚度的增幅为13.91%;随着运营时间的增长,车体振动加速度变化微弱;轮轨力及扣件力的第二主频幅值增大并向高频移动,且扣件力变化更显著,线路运营2年时间后,扣件力第二主频向高频移动7.4 Hz,幅值增幅达到53.80%。建议定期抽样测试轨下胶垫刚度并及时更换性能老化垫板,降低轮轨垂向力和扣件力。     

浅述公路养护工程质量的评定

重点介绍了公路养护的内容及其质量等级的评定,并具体分析了分项计分标准。     

栈桥式平移法换架高速铁路简支箱梁技术研究

随着我国高速铁路桥梁的快速发展,各种灾害对其造成破坏的可能性增高。为了能够有效应对未来高速铁路桥梁灾后的快速保障需求,重点研究将来高速铁路桥梁遭受灾害损毁破坏后,在通过抢修钢梁保证临时限速通车的情况下,采用栈桥式平移法实现新制混凝土箱梁和临时抢修钢梁换装施工的技术方案。主要研究内容包括:总体技术方案、施工场地布置方案、施工设备的设计方案和换架梁施工工艺等,并总结该项技术的关键技术要点和方案的适应性。通过研究说明,栈桥式平移法是一种安全可靠、成本低廉、快速有效的换架梁施工技术,有助于推动我国高速铁路桥梁灾后应急保障技术的发展,并为同行提供有价值的参考。     

RPC混凝土-螺栓连接分段拼装梁构思

活性粉末混凝土(RPC)是一种新发展起来的超高性能水泥基复合混凝土,其抗压强度、抗拉强度远高于普通混凝土或者高性能混凝土,被称之为"类钢"材料,而钢结构又具有工厂精密加工,工地现场安装等特点。探讨将RPC混凝土这种"类钢"材料在工厂预制构件,现场用钢节点板和高强螺栓连接成形的设计构思,介绍RPC混凝土与钢节点板采用高强螺栓连接、分段拼装的板式桥梁设计。     

Air quality impacts of electric vehicle adoption in Texas

Widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) may substantially reduce emissions of greenhouse gases while improving regional air quality and increasing energy security. However, outcomes depend heavily on the electricity generation process, power plant locations, and vehicle use decisions. This paper provides a clear methodology for predicting PEV emissions impacts by anticipating battery-charging decisions and power plant energy sources across Texas. Life-cycle impacts of vehicle production and use and Texans’ exposure to emissions are also computed and monetized. This study reveals to what extent PEVs are more environmentally friendly, for most pollutant species, than conventional passenger cars in Texas, after recognizing the emissions and energy impacts of battery provision and other manufacturing processes. Results indicate that PEVs on today’s grid can reduce GHGs, NO_x, PM₁₀, and CO in urban areas, but generate significantly higher emissions of SO₂ than existing light-duty vehicles. Use of coal for electricity production is a primary concern for PEV growth, but the energy security benefits of electrified vehicle-miles endure. As conventional vehicle emissions rates improve, it appears that power grids must follow suit (by improving emissions technologies and/or shifting toward cleaner generation sources) to compete on an emissions-monetized basis with conventional vehicles in many locations. Moreover, while PEV pollution impacts may shift to more remote (power plant) locations, dense urban populations remain most strongly affected by local power plant emissions in many Texas locations.     

生本视角下我国高校教师教学质量评价的三重审视

伴随高等教育大众化进程,我国高校逐步进入以质量取胜的内涵式发展阶段,质量成为高等院校赖以生存与发展的生命线,尤其是高职院校人才培养质量遭受质疑,在新的时代背景下高职教育如何从大变局和新占位视域跳出传统思维定式走向理性。教师教学质量评价作为高校一项常规性工作,不只是一个管理工具和评价手段的应用,而是关乎人才培养质量的管理与生成,集中体现为学生需求满足程度的价值判断过程,其根本目的在于提高人才培养质量。本文基于生本视角,从问题缘起、理论探源及结构要素三个逻辑层面重视高校教师教学质量评价,深刻回答教师教学质量评价"为什么、是什么、怎么样"的元生逻辑问题,以期从学理层面厘清教师教学质量评价的本质内涵和应然之义,科学指导实践。     

提高公路工程建设项目施工招标文件编制质量的措施

招标文件应当依据相关法律法规的要求和招标人的需求制定,不仅要抓住重点、合理确定对投标人资格审查的标准、评标标准、拟签订合同的主要条款等内容,而且要做到符合法律法律要求、内容完整、表达严密。     

Rethinking bus punctuality by integrating Automatic Vehicle Location data and passenger patterns

This paper investigates punctuality at bus stops. Although it is typically evaluated from the point of view of bus operators, it must also account for users, as required in recent service quality norms. Therefore, evaluating punctuality at bus stops is highly important, but may also be a complex task, because data on both bus arrivals (or departures) and users must be taken into account and processed. Data on buses can be collected by Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) systems, but several challenges must be addressed in order to use them effectively. Passengers data at bus stops cannot be derived from AVL, but they can be used to derive passenger patterns and need to be integrated into processed AVL data. This paper proposes a new punctuality measure defined as the fraction of passengers who will be served within an acceptably short interval after they arrive. A method is proposed to determine this measure: it provides (i) several rules to handle AVL collected data, (ii) a procedure integrating processed AVL data and potential passengers’ patterns and (iii) a hierarchical process to perform the punctuality measure on each bus route direction of a transit network, as well as for every bus stop and time period. The paper illustrates the experimentation of this method on more than 4,000,000 data of a real bus operator and represents outcomes by easy-to-read control dashboards.     

Temporal and spatial variation in allocating annual traffic activity across an urban region and implications for air quality assessments

Patterns of traffic activity, including changes in the volume and speed of vehicles, vary over time and across urban areas and can substantially affect vehicle emissions of air pollutants. Time-resolved activity at the street scale typically is derived using temporal allocation factors (TAFs) that allow the development of emissions inventories needed to predict concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants. This study examines the spatial and temporal variation of TAFs, and characterizes prediction errors resulting from their use. Methods are presented to estimate TAFs and their spatial and temporal variability and used to analyze total, commercial and non-commercial traffic in the Detroit, Michigan, U.S. metropolitan area. The variability of total volume estimates, quantified by the coefficient of variation (COV) representing the percentage departure from expected hourly volume, was 21%, 33%, 24% and 33% for weekdays, Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, respectively. Prediction errors mostly resulted from hour-to-hour variability on weekdays and Saturdays, and from day-to-day variability on Sundays and holidays. Spatial variability was limited across the study roads, most of which were large freeways. Commercial traffic had different temporal patterns and greater variability than non-commercial vehicle traffic, e.g., the weekday variability of hourly commercial volume was 28%. The results indicate that TAFs for a metropolitan region can provide reasonably accurate estimates of hourly vehicle volume on major roads. While vehicle volume is only one of many factors that govern on-road emission rates, air quality analyses would be strengthened by incorporating information regarding the uncertainty and variability of traffic activity.