Airline network choice and market coverage under high-speed rail competition

While the existing literature has focused on the short-term impacts, this paper investigates the long-term impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) competition on airlines. An analytical model is developed to study how an airline may change its network and market coverage when facing HSR competition on trunk routes. We show that prior to HSR competition, an airline is more likely to adopt a fully-connected network and cover fewer fringe markets if the trunk market is large. Under HSR competition, the airline will, for a given network structure, have a greater incentive to cover more fringe (regional or foreign) markets if the trunk market is large, or the airline network is close to hub-and-spoke. Further, the airline will, for any given market coverage, move towards a hub-and-spoke network when the trunk market is large, or the number of fringe markets covered by the airline network is large. Both effects are more prominent when the decreasing rate of airline density economies is large. We further show that HSR competition can induce the airline to adopt network structure and market coverage that are closer to the socially optimal ones, thereby suggesting a new source of welfare gain from HSR based on its long-term impacts on airlines. Implications for operators, policy makers and specific countries (such as China) are also discussed.     

高速铁路生命周期碳排放计算方法

基于生命周期评价理论,对高速铁路生命周期二氧化碳排放计算的边界进行界定,将高速铁路的生命周期划分为基础设施建造、运营和回收3个阶段；根据对各阶段高速铁路二氧化碳排放清单的分析,分别给出各个阶段二氧化碳排放的计算式；通过算例分析了高速铁路在建造和运营阶段碳排放的特点.分析和数值计算结果表明,虽然在高速铁路基础设施建设过程中由于大量建设材料和高能耗施工机械的使用,使得高速铁路建造阶段的二氧化碳排放量相对较多；但是,由于高速铁路具有节约能源、节省土地和货运增量替代效应等特点,使得高速铁路进入运营阶段后二氧化碳的排放量大幅度减少,即从生命周期全过程来看,高速铁路具有较好的减排效果.     

高速铁路施工安全质量管理实践

介绍全面质量管理理论和8项管理原则,结合高速铁路施工情况,提出高速铁路安全质量管理原则、＂分级管理＂模式和＂四方控制＂机制,总结高速铁路施工安全质量管理实践经验,认为其核心是充分发挥高层领导、工程建设指挥部、监理单位、施工单位等各自特点的管理方式,介绍安全质量管理应用的具体案例。     

高速铁路双向点式信息交互系统设备的研究

从双向点式信息交互系统提出的背景及其基本构成出发,研究系统的地面和车载两个不同部分的系统构架。分析系统的关键部件———双向传输天线,根据N圈环的辐射电阻和耗损电阻的计算公式,讨论双向传输天线的效率。确定天线的有效作用范围为670mm,有效水平耦合时间为8ms。室内静态模拟试验结果显示,在8ms有效时间内,接收总帧数与接收正确帧数均为8帧1024bit数据。现场动态试验结果与室内静态模拟基本相同,验证了有效水平耦合时间与可接收数据量的关系。     

基于BIM的杭黄高铁建德东站现浇梁支架方案研究

针对杭黄高铁建德东站站场地形地貌复杂,桥墩高度变化大,18种现浇非标准箱梁型式各异,支架搭设、拆除、周转施工组织难度大,提出采用Revit建立支架贝雷梁BIM模型进行三维审查细化支架布置方案,三维技术交底,工程材料数量提取,虚拟推演施工过程,4D施工进度动态控制,材料周转方案优化,采用Midas.civil进行力学分析计算,优化支架设计方案,确保支架布置形式合理,支架结构安全稳定,为实现支架施工过程的安全控制、质量控制、进度控制、成本控制提供了一种基于BIM技术的解决方案。     

高速列车机车车辆的牵引性能

在采用感应电动机作为牵引电动机时,牵引与电制动特性不仅取决于感应电动机的参数,还取决于逆变器的性能。由于逆变器无法将直流转换为一个理想的交流值,必须考虑谐波的产生以及类似问题。分析认为高速列车最显著的变化是彻底减小了运行阻力。500系新干线列车的运行阻力约是0系的一半。最新的新干线列车以300km·h-1速度运行,却比0系新干线列车甚至其他国家的高速列车耗能少。     

隧道检测系统及其在韩国高速铁路隧道的应用

介绍韩国高速铁路隧道安装的健康监测系统,提出基于检测数据诊断隧道衬砌可能破损的新系统识别方法。引入逆算法,即根据已知的形变数据和混凝土衬砌恒载,估计破损的程度和位置。对以刚度均减和裂缝概念为基础建立的两种模型进行效果和优劣比较。对理想化的隧道结构进行数学分析,并用检测数据中常用的白噪声对模型进行适应性研究。结果表明,基于刚度均减方法的模型1对白噪声相对不敏感,而以裂缝概念为基础的模型2由于受刚度减小的影响很小,易于现场应用。     

The impact of high-speed technology on railway demand

This paper estimates a passenger railway demand function to analyse effects arising from the introduction and use of high-speed technologies. The paper reports estimates of demand elasticities with respect to price, income, quality of service and a range of exogenous characteristics. The results show that travel time savings from conventional high-speed technology have a larger impact on passenger demand than tilting train technology. The introduction of conventional high-speed technology is associated with an 8% increase in passenger railway demand. Increasing the use of either type of high-speed technology appears to induce small positive effects on demand beyond those obtained from usual traffic density increases on non-high-speed existing technology.

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

Experimental study on the nonlinear pressure acting on a high-speed vessel in regular waves

It is well known that the hydrodynamic responses of a high-speed vessel traveling in regular head waves of even moderate wave height can show significant nonlinear behavior, and so linear statistical techniques become insufficient for predicting the statistics of responses in irregular waves. On the other hand, it has been shown that an approximate third-order Volterra model is applicable to handling the statistics of some nonlinear seakeeping problems, such as motions and vertical hull girder loads. In the present study, the focus is on the nonlinear behavior of the pressure responses of the hull surface, especially on the pressures acting on alternately wet and dry areas near the waterline and on the bow zone with high deadrise angles that may be subject to slight impact and water pile-up effects. To clarify the validity of applying Volterra modeling to this problem, a series of experiments in regular and irregular head waves were carried out, and approximate third-order and fifth-order Volterra models with the proposed algorithm for finding frequency response functions (FRFs) were applied as a means of validation. In the present article, the first part of the validation was performed using experimental data in regular waves. It was confirmed that the third-order Volterra model has adequate accuracy to simulate deterministically the variation of pressure responses in regular waves of different wave steepness up to a wave amplitude to wavelength ratio of 0.01 even for the highly nonlinear pressures acting on the above-mentioned areas of the hull surface.