铁路工程地质遥感信息的处理方法研究

从系统工程和信息论的角度提出了对铁路工程地质信息的理解和分析。用部分研究项目的卫星遥感图像进行断裂、褶皱、岩性等信息模型描述和处理效果的对比。认为:采用功能组合的图像处理方法是萃取信息的有效方法;多个处理功能实施时,处理功能必须有序的使用;在增强提取岩性信息时,采用对光谱维的幅度参数图像进行KL压缩,选择压缩后的前三个波段合成彩色图像,具有较好的效果。从色度学和视觉响应特性的匹配关系,提出假彩色图像波段赋色,应当按照波段信息量从主到次的顺序与蓝、红、绿色别对应。     

提高遥感图像判释能力和应用效果的综合研究

为了充分利用和揭示有用的遥感信息,把影响判释和应用效果的因素用系统工程观点整合在一起。从系统工程观点出发,把工程地质遥感判释标志、遥感技术应用方法、计算机辅助判释及提高遥感图象处理能力等组合在一起进行研究,形成最优的工作组合模式。研究结果表明:利用工作组合模式开展遥感技术应用,有助于提高遥感图像判释能力和应用效果。     

Variation of whitecap coverage with wave-field conditions

Field observations were carried out at a sea observation tower to investigate how whitecap coverage on the ocean surface responds to wave-field conditions. Images of whitecaps were taken for every 4 h or 7 h in the daytime using a 3CCD digital video camera fixed at 14 m elevation, and they were stored automatically in a hard disk video recorder at a time interval of 1 s. The determination of whitecap coverage was made by means of a digital image processing. The 1/3 power of whitecap coverage increases linearly with increasing the 10-m neutral wind speed. On the basis of the deflection angle between the propagating directions of wind waves and swell, wave-field conditions are classified into four cases. The present results show that whitecaps are produced most actively under the condition of the pure windsea and they tend to be suppressed by the presence of swell. It is difficult to find a certain relation between the deflection angle and whitecap coverage. Whitecap coverage also increases with the wave age in the same wind-speed conditions.     

基于图像识别的轮轨冲角测量系统研究

为了解决机车车辆运行过程中轮轨冲角的连续测量问题,研究基于运动图像识别的轮轨冲角测量原理,提出轮轨冲角测量方法。运用该方法研制了由图像采集系统、同步采集控制系统、图像处理软件等组成的轮轨冲角测量系统,通过连续测量转向架侧架与轨道的夹角和轮对与侧架的夹角计算轮轨冲角。应用该测量方法对DF8B三轴径向转向架机车进行实车线路试验,测得该车径向机构锁定和不锁定两种状态下通过250 m半径曲线时的第一轴和第三轴轮轨冲角变化曲线。     

岩溶地区公路工程病害防治技术

通过广泛调研分析,揭示了岩溶地区公路工程病害的成因机理,提出了岩溶地区公路工程病害防治的基本原则,以及岩溶水控制和岩溶地基处理的多种具体防治措施。     

桔皮鲜映性仪用于面漆的外观改善

简述桔皮鲜映性仪的基本原理,并借助桔皮鲜映性仪,对客车面漆外观进行改善。     

Coastal Resources as an Engine of Economic Growth and Reduction of Poverty in West Africa: Policy Considerations

This article synthesizes lessons and outcomes from the second international Coastal Zone Asia-Pacific conference (CZAP) on “Improving the Quality of Life in Coastal Areas,” held in Brisbane in September 2004. The conference theme was chosen as a follow-up from the first CZAP that identified priority actions in response to the increasing recognition of social issues in coastal management, particularly those aiming to improve the state of the coastal areas in the Asia-Pacific region. The second CZAP explored the “quality of life” theme by placing emphasis on rectifying coastal poverty, sustaining livelihoods, and protecting cultural heritage. Mechanisms to address these issues were explored through international agreements, participatory research, capacity building, and education, as well as the continuing need for integrated planning, environmental management, and effective monitoring and evaluation. A post-conference survey showed that the second CZAP resulted in 122 initiatives (82 underway and another 40 planned) to progress the improvement of quality of life in coastal areas. These initiatives ranged from the establishment of a unit that is responsible for river basin and coastal zone management by the Thua Thien Hue provincial government in Vietnam, to a collaborative on-ground livelihoods project between NGOs, government, and financial institutions on coastal zone management facilitated by the Asian Development Bank. However, the authors argue that two key challenges for ICM in the Asia-Pacific region remain. These challenges relate to the effective monitoring and evaluation of ICM initiatives, as well as matching future ICM initiatives to emergent priority areas.     

通气超空泡内部流场PIV测试方法

研究通气超空泡内部流场的PIV测试方法。通过合理选择空心玻璃珠示踪粒子,利用流化床粒子布撒装置并合理设计通气管路解决了示踪粒子通入问题,采用二维PIV测试系统实现了水洞实验的通气空泡内部流场测试,获得了通气超空泡内部清晰的粒子影像,经数据处理得到了流场速度及涡量分布。实验表明采用PIV技术可实现对通气超空泡内部流场的测试,测试结果能够揭示流场的结构特征,可以为空泡流理论的深入研究提供实验依据,所给出的超空泡内部流场PIV测试实现方法可供其它相关研究借鉴和参考。     

通气超空泡内部流场的PIV实验图像处理

PIV测试是流体动力学实验研究的重要方法之一,可以成为通气超空泡内部流场结构实验研究的有效手段。通过水洞实验利用PIV对通气超空泡内部流场进行测试时,激光在气液两相界面处会发生折射,导致实验图像变形和失真。文章分析了激光在空化流场中各相界面的折射特性和PIV实验图像的变形规律;在此基础上,推导了图像变形的分析计算式,给出了通过原始流场图像获取真实流场图像的还原处理方法;编制了图像还原计算程序,并对原始PIV图像进行了处理,得到了反映真实空泡内部流场结构的图像。     

IMAGE MODELER的汽车碰撞变形区域的三维重建

汽车碰撞变形区域的测量是交通事故处理及事故再现的重要工作,利用基于图像的三维建模软件Image Modeler．可以直接通过按照一定原则拍摄的二维照片,恢复和重构三维模型,有利于提高变形车辆测量的效率和精度。文章介绍了基于二维照片的三维建模基本原理,阐述了利用该技术实现汽车碰撞变形区域三维重建的过程,实验表明,此方法能提供详细的汽车碰撞变形区域描述,对交通事故的公平处理和科学研究提供有力的参考。