国V柴油对车用柴油机排放影响的试验研究

采用AVL全流采样(CVS)系统,在3台国Ⅳ重型柴油机上进行了国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ柴油油品对排放影响的对比试验,试验使用ESC,ETC以及ELR测试循环。3台发动机均采用增压中冷+SCR技术路线,供油系统包括高压共轨和电控单体泵系统,排量范围为3.8～11.9 L。研究发现,无论是ESC循环还是ETC循环,国Ⅴ柴油相对于国Ⅳ柴油,均可以降低重型柴油机的PM和CO排放,但对NO_x,THC和ELR烟度没有明显影响。     

船用丙纶缆绳的水阻力试验研究

在船模拖曳水池中进行了船用丙纶缆绳的水阻力试验。缆绳切向阻力系数由长、短两根裸绳直拖试验而获得,为0.036;法向阻力系数由缆绳悬挂重物吊拖试验得到为1.66。     

基于CPLD的脉冲宽度测量装置的设计

基于CPLD的脉冲宽度测量装置是由CPLD、脉冲信号处理、按键输入、液晶显示组成。其中CPLD实现数据及逻辑信号的处理、计时、控制信号的输出,液晶显示部分实现脉冲宽度测量值的显示以及间隔时间的显示。设计的装置硬件电路简单,实用性好。     

捷联惯性姿态测量系统的扩展遗忘因子递推最小二乘算法研究

在实际大型动态测量船动态变形测量应用中准确确定捷联惯性姿态测量系统噪声模型和相关性比较困难,采用常规卡尔曼滤波(KF)会导致较大的状态估计误差,甚至使滤波器发散.针对这一问题,在分析扩展遗忘因子递推最小二乘(EFRLS)算法的稳定性基础上将EFRLS估计误差与带系统相关噪声的卡尔曼滤波器估计误差进行了比较,并针对大型测量船动态环境采用EFRLS算法对变形参数进行了估计,仿真结果验证了EFRLS算法在噪声信息未知情况下的有效性.     

特殊电缆绝缘测量原理研究

针对舰船消磁系统电源和负载特殊性,建立了消磁电缆的电路模型,根据该模型提出消磁电缆绝缘的测量方法并推导出绝缘测量公式。该测量原理不但能够对绝缘电阻进行准确测量,而且能实现电缆单点绝缘故障时故障点定位。由于消磁直流电源的电压幅值不断变化,文章在最后给出了电压变化条件下绝缘测量的补偿方法。     

基于精益造船制造资源数据库的研究

针对目前我国正处于深化精益造船模式转变的关键时期,提出建立制造资源数据库,对生产过程中的各种制造资源进行合理配置。利用该数据库,现场计划管理部门可以进行小日程工序计划的编制,提高整体计划的实施效率,使造船流程更加顺畅,为实现精益造船均衡连续准时生产提供切实可行的保证。     

基于线特征跟踪的铁路桥梁支座振动位移测量方法

针对现有基于结构物表面纹理特征跟踪的支座振动位移测量算法易受光照、背景杂波、运动模糊等因素干扰的问题,提出一种基于线特征跟踪的铁路桥梁支座振动位移测量方法.利用大津法与连通体分析法获取感兴趣目标,并基于感兴趣目标确定线跟踪区域,提高支座位移计算效率;利用一种直线鲁棒检测算子,快速提取桥梁支座振动过程中线跟踪区域中的线目...     

基于未确知测度理论的隧道施工瓦斯灾害风险评价

选取煤层厚度、煤层瓦斯含量、回风流平均瓦斯浓度、相对瓦斯涌出量、岩石类型、连通封闭性、深度值、隧道跨度、隧道长度、通风风速和涌水量等11项瓦斯灾害指标作为隧道施工瓦斯灾害风险评价指标体系,并建立各指标的等级标准。将序关系分析法(G1)和反熵权法(AEW)运用拉格朗日乘子法确定组合权重,构建各指标的单指标测度函数,并计算出各指标的综合测度评价向量。为了优化未确知测度置信度识别准则,引进集对分析(SPA)关联系数确定各隧道的瓦斯灾害风险等级。并对24个瓦斯隧道进行瓦斯灾害评价,并和FDA法评价结果和现场实测结果进行对比,精度达到91.7%,基本符合实际情况,表明了该评价方法合理有效,可为隧道施工瓦斯灾害评价提供理论参考。     

Experimental field study of floater motion effects on a main bearing in a full-scale spar floating wind turbine

In this paper we present a full-scale experimental field study of the effects of floater motion on a main bearing in a 6 MW turbine on a spar-type floating substructure. Floating wind turbines are necessary to access the full offshore wind power potential, but the characteristics of their operation leave a gap with respect to the rapidly developing empirical knowledge on operation of bottom-fixed turbines. Larger wind turbines are one of the most important contributions to reducing cost of energy, but challenge established drivetrain layouts, component size envelopes and analysis methods. We have used fibre optic strain sensor arrays to measure circumferential strain in the stationary ring in a main bearing. Strain data have been analysed in the time domain and the frequency domain and compared with data on environmental loads, floating turbine motion and turbine operation. The results show that the contribution to fluctuating strain from in-plane bending strain is two orders of magnitude larger than that from membrane strain. The fluctuating in-plane bending strain is the result of cyclic differences between blade bending moments, both in and out of the rotor plane, and is driven by wind loads and turbine rotation. The fluctuating membrane strain appears to be the result of both axial load from thrust, because of the bearing and roller geometry, and radial loads on the rotating bearing ring from total out-of-plane bending moments in the three blades. The membrane strain shows a contribution from slow-varying wind forces and floating turbine pitch motion. However, as the total fluctuating strain is dominated by the intrinsic effects of blade bending moments in these turbines, the relative effect of floater motion is very small. Mostly relevant for the intrinsic membrane strain, sum and difference frequencies appear in the measured responses as the result of nonlinear system behaviour. This is an important result with respect to turbine modelling and simulation, where global structural analyses and local drivetrain analyses are frequently decoupled.     

Short-term statistics of ice loads on ship bow frames in floe ice fields: Full-scale measurements in the Antarctic ocean

Ship operation and ice loading in floe ice fields have received considerable interest during recent years. There have been several numerical simulators developed by different institutes which can simulate ship navigation through floe ice fields and estimate ship performance and local ice loads. However, public data obtained from full-scale measurement covering comprehensively ship performance and ice loads under various ice thicknesses, concentrations and floe sizes are rare. The 2018/19 Antarctic voyage of the Polar Supply and Research Vessel (PSRV) S.A. Agulhas II gathered considerable data of the ship in floe ice fields under various thicknesses, concentrations, and floe sizes. The aim of this paper is to carry out statistical analysis to seek suitable probability distributions which adequately fit the measured ice load and therefore suitable to be used as parent distributions for long-term estimation. For this aim, three categories of probability distributions, namely standard distributions, truncated distributions and mixture distributions are tested. It is found that truncated distributions can fit the load data better than standard distributions bounded at the threshold. In addition, mixture distributions are shown to have promising features, which fit the data well and are able to separate distribution components. Subsequentially, the well-performed distributions are used as parent distributions to make long-term load estimations. The estimation results demonstrate that long-term estimations are sensitive to the selection of parent distribution, which addresses the importance of finding correct distribution to model short-term ice loads. The data of ten selected cases will be published for the use of other researchers.