重型汽车骑马螺栓断裂分析

本文采用组织分析、扫描电镜断口及化学分析,对重型汽车骑马螺栓断裂原因进行分析,结果表明在车辆使用中,由于骑马螺栓拧紧力矩减小引起板簧侧向窜动,对骑马螺栓产生多次小能量冲击,形成附加弯矩,同时在螺栓热处理过程中表面贫碳降低表面的疲劳强度,最终发生弯曲疲劳断裂.     

车轮动态弯矩非正交误差的修正

针对车轮弯曲疲劳试验机由于传感器安装误差使得弯矩检测的非正交误差,难以达到国标规定的动态加载精度要求的问题,分析了非正交误差对弯矩检测精度的影响,建立了非正交误差修正模型,直接利用弯矩实测值经相关运算确定修正参数,并给出了该修正法的评价模型.理论分析和试验结果表明:该修正方法有效;采用该修正法,弯矩检测误差由4.6％降低到1％以下,提高了车轮动态加载精度,满足了本试验机弯矩加载精度要求.     

布置筒芯的现浇混凝土空心板受弯性能试验研究

通过一组纵、横向布置筒芯的现浇混凝土空心板荷载试验,研究了该空心板抗弯承载力、裂缝分布与发展、变形及破坏形态等。试验结果表明:纵、横向布置筒芯的现浇混凝土空心板的抗弯刚度、抗弯承载力和破坏形态非常相似,筒芯的布置方式对现浇混凝土空心板的受弯性能没有明显影响;利用现行规范计算其开裂弯矩和极限弯矩是偏于安全的。     

普通公路沥青路面裂缝开裂原因及修复试验研究

裂缝是路面常见的病害之一。为研究沥青路面裂缝开裂的修复方法以及产生裂缝的原因和机理，通过对比试验，采用高聚物对裂缝进行修复，比对修复前后的沥青小梁试件在不同温度下的抗弯拉强度，并得出:随着温度的逐渐升高，原状试件与修复后的小梁试件对于抗弯拉强度的效果逐渐接近；随着温度的升高两种试件的抗弯拉强度均有所下降；当温度达到35℃时，通过高聚物修复后的小梁试件的抗弯拉强度达到原状小梁试件的抗弯拉强度的85.71%。以产生较好的修复效果。     

Prediction of Hull Deflection on Damaged Warship

The appropriate prediction of the hull deflection of a severely damaged warship is an important area in the research of the warship survivability. In this paper, the asymmetrical beam bending theory is applied to set up the damaged model, a comparison of the longitudinal strength, the deflections of damaged hull subjected to both hagging and sagging moments, and shear forces is carried out. The external loads are also calculated according to different damaged positions. Finally, some results and conclusions are obtained.     

考虑初始缺陷的水泥基复合材料细观开裂研究

为了研究微观初始缺陷对水泥稳定碎石基层材料（CTB）细观开裂的影响，基于离散元法（DEM）和随机算法构建了细观非均质随机骨料数值模型，结合参数反演确定了模型细观参数，并引入裂隙网络（DFN）来表征水泥砂浆内部的微观初始缺陷。通过虚拟半圆弯曲（SCB）试验模拟了细观开裂过程，比较分析了数值模拟结果和试验结果，并进一步研究了裂隙密度和宽度对结构细观开裂的影响。结果表明：细观断裂模型的数值模拟结果和试验结果基本吻合，模型能较好地表征细观随机开裂行为；材料的宏观开裂是由于细观损伤的累积导致，宏观裂纹的产生经历了平稳扩展和快速贯通的过程；张力是裂纹演化的驱动力，裂纹通常沿着砂浆与骨料的界面薄弱区进行扩展；微观缺陷显著影响水泥基材料的力学性能和断裂行为，初始裂隙通过诱导微裂纹的扩展与贯穿，降低结构整体强度，但是在一定程度上增大了结构的容许形变，其中20~40 m·m^-2的裂隙密度和0.3~0.45 mm的裂隙宽度对材料强度影响最为显著，施工过程中合理控制裂隙密度和宽度对于提高材料抗裂能力有益。所构建的细观模型可以很好地捕捉微裂纹的扩展和贯穿过程，能够实现对细观断裂的精确模拟，为探索水泥基复合材料的破坏过程和机理提供了一种新的研究手段。     

Derivation of plastic framing requirements for polar ships

A new International Association of Classification Societies standard for polar ship design, in the form of a unified requirement is being developed by an international committee with representatives from many classification societies and with the active participation of many polar nations. The framing structural requirements have been developed by a combination of analysis of existing rules and ships, finite element (FE) analysis and analytical solutions of plastic collapse mechanisms. This paper describes the derivation of the 3-hinge and asymmetrical shear plastic collapse mechanisms using work–energy principles. Energy methods are robust and well suited for developing design standards. The results are shown to compare well with non-linear FE analyses of frame strength.     

A General Method for the Evaluation of Vehicle Manoeuvrability with Special Emphasis on Motorcycles

This paper presents a novel approach to the assessment of the manoeuvrability of vehicles which is not based on the simulation of open-loop manoeuvres, nor does it rely on the modelling of the driver as a control system. Instead, the essence of the method is the solution of a two-point optimal control boundary value problem, in which a vehicle, subject to physical constraints like tyre adherence and road borders, among others, is required to go between given initial and final positions as fast as possible. The control inputs - i.e., the driver's actions - that make the vehicle move between the two states in the most efficient way are found as a part of the solution procedure and represent the actions of a sort of ideal, perfect driver. The resulting motion is called the optimal manoeuvre and, besides being the most efficient way that the given vehicle has for travelling between the two points according to the chosen optimal criterion, may be taken as a reference for meaningful comparisons with other vehicles. The value of the penalty function, used to define the optimal condition occurring at the optimal manoeuvre, may be taken as a measure of manoeuvrability or handling. With this approach the manoeuvrability properties are established as intrinsic to the vehicle, being defined with respect to an ideal perfect driver. Some possible forms of the penalty function, which means slightly different concepts of manoeuvrability and handling, are discussed. In the end, the case of motorcycles and some examples of optimal manoeuvres are given.     

某商用车转向直拉杆失稳弯曲变形分析

某商用车转向拉杆在整车下线极限转向测试工况后,出现转向直拉杆弯曲变形现象。本文通过对直拉杆弯曲塑性变形问题的原因解析、方案验证,表明转向直拉杆的临界稳定性是产生问题的根本原因,提出来了一套转向直拉杆压杆稳定性的计算方法和安全系数的选取原则,可以有规避决该类问题发生。     

泸州市沱江四桥总体设计

泸州市沱江四桥是一座主跨200m的单塔斜拉桥,采用市政道路与远期规划轨道交通平层布置形式。桥塔为钢-混凝土组合塔,顺桥向呈觚(古代饮酒器具)形。主跨和城西新城侧边跨采用左右分离式钢箱梁,为减小结构内部约束作用,在斜拉索、塔、墩处双箱之间设置横隔梁,通过螺栓将横隔梁与钢箱梁连接。城北新城侧边跨与南、北引桥主梁采用预应力混凝土连续箱梁。混凝土箱梁和钢箱梁之间通过2m长钢-混结合段连接。该桥桥面宽49m,为减小混凝土收缩应力,在桥梁中线处桥面板和横梁上设置宽100cm混凝土后浇段,纵向分4个浇筑节段逐段施工混凝土箱梁。由于引桥梁端支反力比主桥梁端支反力大,为减小支反力差值产生的桥墩附加弯矩,将交接墩中心线朝远离桥塔方向偏移,同时将桥墩的顺桥向壁厚设置成不等厚。