Vertical and horizontal bending moments on the hydroelastic response of a large-scale segmented model in a seaway

Wave-induced vertical bending moment (VBM) and horizontal bending moment (HBM) on a large-scale segmented model with a box-type backbone beam in short-crested irregular seas are systematically analyzed using sea trial measurement data. New insights into the relationship between nonlinear VBM and HBM of the ship sailing in short-crested sea waves are explored and presented. The results indicate that the HBM significantly contributes to the total sectional loads when the ship is sailing in a seaway and the HBM has a strong correlation with VBM in both magnitude and tendency. Therefore, design loads of HBM and the corresponding lateral structural strength issues should also be concerned in addition to VBM at the ship design phase.     

Investigation on the nonlinear effects of the vertical motions and vertical bending moment for a wave-piercing tumblehome vessel based on a hydro-elastic segmented model test

Although the nonlinear effects of the ship motions, wave-induced loads and structural responses of conventional vessels have been investigated experimentally and numerically in recent years, similar studies on the wave-piercing tumblehome (WPTH) vessels are rare, in spite of the urgent necessary due to their extensive applications. This paper experimentally investigated the nonlinear effects of the vertical motions and vertical bending moment (VBM) for a WPTH vessel based on a hydro-elastic segmented model test. The model test was carried out in head regular waves for three amplitudes, in the towing tank at Harbin Engineering University. Based on the band-pass filter technique, four kinds of decomposed harmonics are defined by mean offset, linear wave-frequency response, nonlinear wave-frequency response and nonlinear high-frequency vibration. Meanwhile, based on mean offset, three kinds of combined responses are defined by considering linear wave-frequency response, nonlinear wave-frequency response and nonlinear high-frequency vibrations step by step. The transfer functions of vertical motions and VBM are presented as function of the incident wave frequency, and the measured data and VBM were compared with numerical calculations for validation. With the method proposed above, the results of VBM are analyzed by focusing on the influences of decomposed harmonics on the amplitudes and asymmetry of combined responses. Strong nonlinear effects are observed in the VBM. The nonlinearity of VBM can be identified by the significant amplitudes of decomposed harmonics, variation of amplitude with the wave amplitude and remarkable asymmetry about the zero axis. The hogging VBM of WPTH vessel can be even larger than the sagging VBM, which is in contrast to the general experiences from conventional vessels. Combined the calculated relative motion with the decomposed and combined histories of VBM, the occurrence of the transient impact and its characteristics are discussed, and these are then used to analyze the unconventional asymmetry of VBM. Furthermore, the influences of the bow shape over the vertical motions and VBM are discussed. At the end of the paper, the uncertainties in the test are provided.     

编织网增强混凝土受弯性能及电阻稳定性研究

为了实现融雪化冰系统的智能控制,通过四点弯曲试验研究了不同表面处理的碳／玻璃纤维混合编织网增强混凝土薄板的受弯性能以及纤维束电阻值的变化情况。试验结果表明：环氧树脂浸渍以及粘砂处理纤维编织网的方式可有效提高薄板的承载能力;在荷载作用下,纤维束的电阻值稳定,不同表面处理方式不会对电阻的稳定性产生影响。     

排洪明槽底板按弹性地基基础梁进行的受力分析

在遵崇高速公路一填筑路基上设置的U型大断面排洪明槽结构设计中,将其底板按弹性半无限平面上的基础梁（属共同变形理论）进行受力分析,计算出地基反力、梁截面内力（剪力、弯矩）作为梁设计的依据。介绍了该方法计算的理论和步骤,并与假定地基反力按直线分布的计算结果进行了比较,显示出共同变形理论计算的合理性。排洪明槽经数年使用,完好无损。     

海外KD出口项目分析

随着国内汽车企业竞争日益激烈,海外KD（k,reekeddown）出口作为企业经济增长点变得尤为重要．文章系统地从海外KD出口项目市场的考察、出口合作方的选择、产品认证、生产准备、KD出口包装以及试生产和量产初期阶段进行了比较全面的描述,为今后企业海外KD项目出口提供指导。     

钢-混凝土组合连续梁桥负弯矩区施工控制研究

该文以深圳市机场南路新建工程(50+82+50)m钢-混凝土组合连续梁桥为例,对钢-混凝土组合梁负弯矩区施工控制方法进行分析研究。研究结论可供同类工程参考。     

不同交联度环氧沥青混合料低温弯曲性能研究

环氧沥青作为一种交联的粘弹性材料,其低温力学性能受交联密度影响较大。该文介绍了其低温弯曲性能试验研究。采用交联度75.3%、71.4%、67.3%和58.4%的环氧沥青混合料,进行-20℃、-10℃、0℃、10℃温度下小梁三点弯曲性能试验。结果表明,不同交联度的环氧沥青混合料弯曲强度与模量随着温度的提高而降低,破坏变形与应变能密度随着温度的提高而增大。不同交联度的环氧沥青混合料弯曲强度、模量、破坏变形及应变能密度与温度关系基本一致,各弯曲性能参数的温度敏感区间也基本相同,交联度75.3%混合料的弯曲性能参数温度敏感区间为大于10℃,交联度71.4%和67.3%的温度敏感区间为0~10℃,交联度58.4%温度敏感区间为-10~0℃;温度敏感区间弯曲性能参数变化幅度较大,低于温度敏感区间,则弯曲性能参数变化幅度较小。环氧沥青混合料低温弯曲性能参数与温度、交联度之间具有较好相关性,可以建立混合料弯曲强度、模量、破坏变形及应变能密度与温度、交联度的关系,并用于混合料低温弯曲性能预测。     

船舶十字轴万向节轴系受力分析

船舶十字轴万向节轴系的轴承由于十字轴万向节的影响,其受力情况复杂。文章简要分析十字轴万向节特殊的力学特性和速度特性,并分析十字轴万向节的受力情况。在此基础上运用平衡方程、三弯矩方程、MATLAB软件和EXCEL软件计算船舶十字轴万向节轴系上各个轴承在各种情况下的径向负荷。最后,简要分析十字轴万向节轴向力计算方法及其对轴系轴向力轴承的影响。为十字轴万向节轴系设计、建造和维修提供理论依据。     

Laboratory tests and thermal buckling analysis for pipes buried in Bohai soft clay

Upheaval buckling of submarine pipelines occurs due to relative movement of pipeline and surrounding soil and is often triggered by high operational temperature of the pipeline, initial imperfection of the pipeline, or a combination of both. Since buckling can jeopardize the structural integrity of a pipeline, it is a failure mode that should to be taken into account for the design and in-service assessment of trenched and buried offshore pipelines. In this study, a series of vertical (uplift) and axial pullout tests were carried out on model pipe segments buried in soft clay deposit similar to that present in Bohai Gulf, China. Pipe segments with three different diameters (= 30 mm, 50 mm and 80 mm) were buried in different depth-to-diameter ratios ranging from 1 to 8. Based on the results of laboratory tests, nonlinear force–displacement relations are proposed to model soil resistance mobilized during pipeline movement. The proposed nonlinear soil resistance models are employed in finite element analysis of buried pipelines with different amplitudes of initial geometric imperfections. Thermal upheaval buckling behavior of pipelines operating at different temperatures is studied. Results show that the capacity of pipeline against thermal buckling increases with the burial depth and decreases with the amplitude of initial imperfection.     

Simplified method for quasi-static collision assessment of a damaged tanker side panel

The paper presents a simplified analytical method to examine the energy absorbing mechanisms of intact and damaged small-scale stiffened plate specimens, quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid wedge indenter. The specimens scaled from a tanker side panel are limited by one span between web frames and stringers. The influence of the initial damage on the impact response is based on the plastic behaviour of an intact specimen. The initial damage is provoked at one-quarter from the support by the same indenter that, afterwards, punches the specimen at the mid-span. In practice, initial imperfections of this type could be due to minor incidents during ship service operation, such as collision of ships with floating objects. To validate the proposed simplified method, experiments and numerical simulations are conducted. The experimentally obtained force-displacement responses and shapes of the deformation show good agreement with the simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The analytical method derives expressions to estimate the energy dissipated by the intact and the damaged specimens based on the plastic deformation mechanisms, assuming that both the plate and stiffener structural components absorb the incident energy through the rotation of the plastic hinges at the point of contact and at the supports and the membrane tension over the plastically deforming region between the loading and the supports.