Ductile crack initiation behavior in steels with compressive prestrain

It is well known that compressive prestrain reduces ductility in steels. On the other hand, it has also been found that high stress triaxiality reduces equivalent plastic strain at the onset of ductile fracture. In this research, plate specimens and notched bar specimens, which were prestrained in compression with bending, were used in reversed bending tests, and the effect of compressive prestrain on ductile crack initiation in steels was investigated. It was found that small ductile cracks occurred from the microscopic wrinkles which were formed on the concave surface with compressive prestrain. The critical relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain at ductile crack initiation was investigated by finite-element analysis. It was found that ductile crack initiation in steels with compressive prestrain can be estimated qualitatively by the relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain.     

库水位循环作用下架空斜坡式码头力学性能研究

依托云南省富宁港一期工程,建立架空斜坡式码头三维有限元模型。基于水岩相互作用,考虑岸坡岩土体在库水位循环作用下的劣化损伤,定性分析得到架空斜坡式码头桩基及轨道梁的弯矩、剪力及轴力变化特点,为进一步研究库水位循环作用下架空斜坡式码头整体性能及力学退化特性提供基础,为实际工程中库区码头运营后的监测及防护提供建议。     

用于应力吸收层使用的沥青混合料配合比设计方法研究

根据AC10型细粒式沥青混凝土应力吸收层的设计,提出基于路用性能均衡的应力吸收层的设计方法。即采用最佳紧密状态油石比为下限,谢伦堡析漏试验析漏损失率拐点油石比为上限,并根据路用性能最优确定应力吸收层最佳油石比。通过广西一高速公路实体工程验证,取得了良好的应用效果。     

不同交联度环氧沥青混合料低温弯曲性能研究

采用交联度分别为75.3%,71.4%,67.3%和58.4%的环氧沥青混合料进行-20℃,-10℃,0℃,10℃温度下小梁三点弯曲性能试验,构建了混合料弯曲强度、弯曲模量、弯曲破坏应变及弯曲应变能密度与温度、交联度的关系方程。结果表明：不同交联度的环氧沥青混合料弯曲强度与模量随着温度的提高而降低,弯曲破坏应变与弯曲应变能密度随着温度的提高而增大;不同交联度的环氧沥青混合料弯曲强度、弯曲模量、弯曲破坏应变及弯曲应变能密度与温度关系基本一致,各弯曲性能参数的温度敏感区间基本相同;温度敏感区间弯曲性能参数变化幅度较大,低于温度敏感区间,则弯曲性能参数变化幅度较小;环氧沥青混合料低温弯曲性能参数与温度、交联度之间具有较好相关性,提出的回归方程可以用于混合料低温弯曲性能预测。     

岸坡被动桩承载性状三维有限元分析*

为深化研究岸坡被动桩的承载特性,运用国际大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS对岸坡被动桩进行三维模拟。研究发现,坡顶荷载是被动桩桩身位移与桩身弯矩的主要影响因素,桩身位移与桩身弯矩随着破顶荷载的增大而增大;坡顶荷载对桩身弯矩的影响主要集中在斜坡范围内;桩顶荷载对减小桩身弯矩有利。结果表明,基于ABAQUS的三维有限元模拟是研究岸坡被动桩的有效方法。     

管壁不连续对管路中传播的弯曲波的隔离

采用梁弯曲振动的运动方程来求解管壁中传播的弯曲波,然后用传递矩阵的方法得出了弯曲波在通过管壁不连续段后的透射系数矩阵。利用边界条件,分析了管壁材料不连续段及其在管路中的布置情况对弯曲波透射系数的影响,并得出了如下结论:作为管路不连续段的铜管、铝管和挠性胶管都可以对管路中传播的弯曲波起到隔离作用,但它们也都有可能使振动放大。这与频率、边界条件和管路不连续段的布置密切相关;对极低频弯曲波的隔离是十分困难的,甚至是不可能的;管路不连续段的布置情况、管路边界条件(即支撑情况)和频率应当是管路隔振设计中需要特别注意的因素;挠性胶管在可以起隔离作用的条件下能够取得比铜管和铝管更低的透射系数和更大的位移补偿。     

Fracture mechanics analysis for mooring chain links subjected to out-of-plane bending (OPB)

A fracture mechanics (FM) based investigation on the mechanism of out-of-plane bending (OPB) between mooring chain links and its effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links are conducted. Four types of OPB problems that mooring chain links laying on the chain wheel, chain links passing over the bending shoe, chain links constraint provided by the chain hawse, and chain links constraint provided by the chain stopper are considered. Tension ranges of mooring lines are calculated based on the combined loading process induced by the motions of wave frequency (WF) and low frequency (LF). Initial cracks are assumed to propagate from surfaces of chain links and stress intensity factors are calculated in terms of stress ranges determined by a finite element (FE) analysis. The results show that fatigue lives of mooring chain links are decreased significantly due to OPB effects. In addition, the increase of the number of pockets of chain wheel mitigates OPB effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links laying on the chain wheel, and the increase of the track diameter would reduce OPB effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links passing over the bending shoe as well. However, for chain links constraint provided by the chain hawse, the diameter of mooring chain hawse has no significant effect on fatigue lives of the mooring chain links subject to OPB if without the abrupt change of the contact conditions between chain links and chain hawse. For mooring links constraint provided by chain stoppers considering the effect of proof loading test, fatigue lives of mooring chain links would drop significantly with the increase of interlink angles and friction coefficient.     

A model for the biaxial dynamic bending of unbonded flexible pipes

An analytical model is given to investigate the behavior of unbonded flexible pipes under biaxial dynamic bending. The stick-slip conditions of each wire are studied in the framework of incremental analysis by an operator splitting of the time step into a stick-state prediction and a slip-state correction step. The tension gradient is calculated using the classical return-mapping algorithm and the obtained tension gradients are integrated numerically to find the axial tension by imposing appropriate boundary conditions. From the axial tension the bending moments with respect to the principal bending axes of the pipe are obtained. Poisson's effect, bending induced tension in the wire, shear deformations of the supporting plastic layer and the changes of the effective torsion and curvature increments of the wire after slip occurs are taken into account in the model. The results of bending moment–curvature relationship from this model are compared with the test data from simple bending and good correlations are found. The comparison of the biaxial bending moment results between this model and the available model also shows good agreement.     

均布荷载作用下双面组合梁的滑移效应分析

利用基本力学方法对钢．混凝土双面组合梁在均布荷载作用下的滑移效应进行分析，推导得到了负弯矩区上、下交界面滑移沿梁长方向的表达式，并通过算例比较了双面组合梁与传统单面连续组合梁的滑移特点。计算表明，与传统单面连续组合梁相比，钢-混凝土双面组合连续梁不仅在负弯矩区提高了截面承载力，也使截面刚度得到了提高。     

结合遗传算法的BP神经网络训练方法研究

针对BP神经网络存在收敛到局部极小问题,研究了直接利用遗传算法训练BP网络的方法和结合遗传算法训练网络初始权值的BP算法;通过简单异或问题说明了第一种方法所需训练时间较长;将第二种用于解决结构损伤识别问题,得到较好结果,说明利用遗传算法训练初始权值可以克服BP神经网络局部极值点问题,加快网络的收敛速度。