准时生产与库存对轮胎生产成本的影响研究——以某轮胎公司为例

库存管理是企业管理的重要组成部分,现代物流管理技术可以从根本上降低仓储成本,方法之一就是零库存技术如何控制好生产成本,并有效获得较大利润,对轮胎制造业发展是个重要的问题。文章从轮胎生产成本构成要素角度出发,分析计算出频繁转化规格对轮胎的生产成本构成的影响程度及影响结果,并计算出适当的库存对成本的影响通过成本分析,可以帮助企业找到降低成苓的途径和改进管理的措施。     

Quantifying the environmental and economic benefits of cooperation: A case study in temperature-controlled food logistics

Inefficient road transportation causes unnecessary costs and polluting emissions. This problem is even more severe in refrigerated transportation, in which temperature control is used to guarantee the quality of the products. Organizing logistics cooperatively can help decrease both the environmental and the economic impacts. In Joint Route Planning (JRP) cooperation, suppliers and customers jointly optimize routing decisions so that cost and emissions are minimized. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) cooperation extends JRP cooperation by optimizing routing and inventory planning decisions simultaneously. However, in addition to their economic advantages, VMI and JRP may also yield environmental benefits. To test this assertion, we perform a case study on cooperation between a number of supermarket chains in the Netherlands. The data of this case study are analyzed to quantify both the economic and environmental benefits of implementing cooperation via JRP and VMI, using vehicle routing and an inventory routing models. We found that JRP cooperation can substantially reduce cost and emissions compared with uncooperative routing. In addition, VMI cooperation can further reduce cost and emissions, but minimizing cost and minimizing emissions no longer result in the same solution and there is a trade-off to be made.     

生产与存贮优化分析

针对生产商在生产计划中所面临的诸多问题,如:交货周期不同、库存容量和生产资金的限制等.从生产过程中的成本管理的极小化的目标出发,采用动态规划的方法,建立针对上述问题的数学模型,并求最优策略.     

Rapid estimation of global civil aviation emissions with uncertainty quantification

In this paper we describe the methods used to develop the open source Aviation Emissions Inventory Code and produce a global emissions inventory for scheduled civil aviation, with quantified uncertainty. We estimate that in 2005, scheduled civil aviation was responsible for 180.6 Tg of fuel burn, which agrees to within 4% of other published emissions inventories for 2004 and 2006. By comparing the Aviation Emissions Inventory Code with flight data records, we show that the mean bias in predicted fuel burn at the airport-pair level is +1% for an ensemble of 132 flights, and less than 10% for 5 of the 6 aircraft types used in the validation.     

现车管理信息系统中Oracle数据库的优化措施

Oracle作为一种大型数据库,以性能优越、可靠性高、安全性好以及分布式处理能力强等特点,在TMIS建设中得到广泛应用.因此,管理好Oracle数据库是系统管理员的一项重要工作.以现车管理信息系统为例介绍Oracle数据库的优化措施.     

铁路客运站图形式现车管理系统

介绍了新近研制成功的客运站现车管理系统的设计方案、实施办法、功能特点及现场使用情况.该系统可直观、快捷地编制钩计划和快速、智能地管理客车编组,是实现客站现车管理装备现代化的重要设备之一.     

包神铁路车号自动识别系统的设计与实践

介绍包神铁路车号自动识别系统(ATIS)车号扫描在地方铁路现在车管理方面的应用,给出系统间的工作模式.