Workshop 3A: Governance,contracting, ownership and competition issues in public transport: Looking up not down

Workshop 3A focussed on matters of institutional design that seem likely to improve public transport outcomes. It started by defining high level outcome goals, as measures of ultimate public transport success, and then identified the major societal issues that public transport systems can help to resolve. These issues were separately defined for Southern African and western settings. The importance of taking an integrated approach to transport, particularly land use/transport integration, was seen as fundamental to goal achievement. Workshop papers provided many and varied examples of this importance, ranging from PPPs for major public transport projects to system design issues and contracting out of services. The Workshop included detailed discussion on paratransit development in Southern Africa, where relationship management is proving to be critical, in-line with much previous Thredbo discussion about the important role of trusting partnerships. Parallels and contrasts were drawn with paratransit in western settings. Competition in passenger rail was also a focus, with some questioning of the benefits of franchising. Discussion concluded by proposing recommendations for policy and research and suggesting agenda items for future Thredbo Conferences.     

How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.     

BRT推动TOD在我国适用性研究

随着我国经济日新月异的发展,城市化和机动化的现象越来越不可忽视。随之而来的是城市无序蔓延,交通、能源和环境问题日益突出。因此,我们的城市中心地带交通拥堵、空气质量恶化已成为重大难题。为了解决这些问题,研究了世界上其他类似国家和地区,吸取他们的经验和教训．提出了用快速公交推动城市发展的建议。论文分析了快速公交和公交引导发展的优势及适用性,比较了快速公交和其他公交模式的差异,最后建议在我国现阶段用快速公交来引导发展,结合土地使用和城市规划,实现城市的健康、高效、可持续发展。     

创建平均地权按年收费的土地利用管理模式

从人对土地的生存和发展权出发,分析了传统和现行土地利用制度的缺陷和无法解决的问题,赋予平均地权的新思想,提出了实行按年征收土地使用费的设想和措施。实行按年征收土地使用费有利于推动城市化进程,有利于土地资源从低收益向高收益转变,使土地得到最合理利用。     

有限元与边界元耦合法在船舶结构直接设计分析系统中的应用

讨论了船舶结构分析中的结构模型化问题，提出一种适用于船体舭部、肘板等特殊部位的有限元与边界元耦合模型，解决单纯用有限元法难于处理的问题。此方法已用于船舶结构直接设计分析系统（ＤＤＡＳＳＶ１．０）中，初步设计中可一次获得较满意的纵横强度，多数情况下不需要进行再分析。因此，本方法可大大减轻前后处理的工作量，并能保证良好的精度。     

Modal split models based on car availability: the application of such models in studies of medium sized towns

This paper discusses the need for a new approach to urban transportation modelling in recognition that at least in medium sized towns the choice of model is largely dominated by car availability.     

高速铁路槽形连续梁拱桥拱脚局部应力分析与验证

为了解高速铁路槽形连续梁拱桥拱梁固结段的真实应力状态及验证局部分析中边界条件表达的准确性,以济青高速铁路(66.5+142+66.5) m双线有砟轨道预应力混凝土连续槽形梁拱桥为工程背景,利用FEA有限元软件建立细化的空间实体有限元模型,分析中支点横截面空间效应,并对局部模型的边界条件模拟的正确性进行验证。分析表明:中支点截面应力呈现明显的空间不规律现象,恒载比活载剪力滞效应更为明显,局部位置如拱肋与主梁连接部位、主梁下缘支座处、横隔板进人孔倒角处应力集中,应适当加强配筋,其余部位应力均满足要求,通过验证局部模型的内力分布,确保实体模型应力结果的准确性,保证结构安全。     

被征地农民问题对经济长期增长的影响研究

随着工业化与城镇化的快速推进,土地流转过程中产生了大量的被征地农民。由于法律规定不完备、补偿标准偏低、以及残缺的农村社会保障制度等原因,导致了被征地农民的利益缺失,给经济持续稳定发展和现代化建设带来了不同方面、不同角度的影响。本文通过分析被征地农民面临的困境及原因,指出其对经济长期增长的影响,最后得出完善土地征用制度、建立合理的社会保障体系、大力解决农民失地后的再就业问题等结论。     

上海迪士尼乐园项目配套路网研究与方案设计

上海迪士尼主题乐园项目落户于上海浦东新区黄楼镇,根据总体规划,除主题游乐场外,周边区域将逐渐发展成为上海国际旅游度假区。为适应主题乐园及度假区产生的交通吸引,自2005年起,相关部门便组织展开了主题乐园总体规划及其配套设施的研究工作,并有针对性地提出了对上海市现有骨干路网的调整与补充,相关工程的方案和研究工作也在进一步深化中。在对总体交通规划过程进行回顾的同时,归纳总结目前配套道路的方案成果,以供进一步探讨和改进。     

A Hybrid Heuristics for Irregular Flight Recovery

Adverse weather conditions, congestion at airports, and mechanical failures often disrupt regular flight schedules. The irregular flight recovery problem aims to recover these schedules through reassignments of flights and cancellations. In this article, we develop the classic resource assignment model for the irregular flight recovery problem, and a new hybrid heuristic procedure based on greedy random adaptive search procedure (GRASP) and simulated annealing algorithm is presented to solve this problem. As compared with the original GRASP method, the proposed algorithm demonstrates quite a high global optimization capability. Computational experiments on large-scale problems show that the proposed procedure is able to generate feasible revised flight schedules of good quality in less than five seconds.