四跨一联预应力混凝土连续宽箱梁空间分析

结合上海市中环线虹梅路立交工程对主线四跨一联预应力混凝土连续宽箱梁进行空间分析,得到结构在荷载作用下的剪力滞效应分布规律、截面实际中性轴与平截面假定中性轴的比较、偏载下支座反力的分布规律、挑臂横向挠度、偏载下的偏载系数以及增设跨中横隔板与否对结构受力状态的影响等结论。     

预应力混凝土箱梁桥横向受力分析方法的研究比较

以洋安大桥主桥5跨预应力混凝土变截面连续箱梁桥为背景,对其横向应力分别采用传统的平面框架法和空间有限元法进行分析比较,结果表明大部分关键截面平面框架法得到的横向应力远大于空间有限元法,在实际设计计算中须谨慎使用平面框架法。     

应用水平定向钻安装管道时回拖拉力的计算方法

研究了应用水平定向钻机安装地下管道回拖过程中的受力特征,分析了计算回拖拉力时参数的选择以及公式应用的特点,并将预测数据与实验数据作了对比分析,从而得出了回拖拉力与孔道直径成反比.     

桥梁平转施工中球铰界面的摩擦力精确计算方法及验证

转体施工是桥梁施工中的重要方法,中国已成功将该技术应用于数百座大跨桥梁的施工.大吨位转体施工中,摩擦力的计算至关重要,但现有工程实践中给出的近似计算方法与工程试验值有较大差距.因此,精确的摩擦力和摩阻力矩计算理论,是转体施工中亟待解决的问题.首先采用称重原理获得竖向摩阻力矩,然后利用接触理论求得接触面的应力分布规律,并...     

正向浪作用下离岸高桩墩台结构波浪总浮托力计算

波浪总浮托力是离岸高桩墩台结构设计时需要注意的重要外荷载之一。根据具体工程实例计算结果和试验结果的对比,分析正向波浪作用下离岸高桩墩台结构波浪总浮托力不同计算公式的适用性,研究工程实际计算波浪总浮托力需要注意的条件,并提出建议。     

Design of tyre force excitation for tyre–road friction estimation

Knowledge of the current tyre–road friction coefficient is essential for future autonomous vehicles. The environmental conditions, and the tyre–road friction in particular, determine both the braking distance and the maximum cornering velocity and thus set the boundaries for the vehicle. Tyre–road friction is difficult to estimate during normal driving due to low levels of tyre force excitation. This problem can be solved by using active tyre force excitation. A torque is added to one or several wheels in the purpose of estimating the tyre–road friction coefficient. Active tyre force excitation provides the opportunity to design the tyre force excitation freely. This study investigates how the tyre force should be applied to minimise the error of the tyre–road friction estimate. The performance of different excitation strategies was found to be dependent on both tyre model choice and noise level. Furthermore, the advantage with using tyre models with more parameters decreased when noise was added to the force and slip ratio.     

The Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact of wheel and rail

A new regularisation of non-elliptical contact patches has been introduced, which enables building the look-up table called by us the Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact (KBTNH), which is a fast creep force generator that can be used by multibody dynamics system simulation programs. The non-elliptical contact patch is regularised by a simple double-elliptical contact region (SDEC). The SDEC region is especially suitable for regularisation of contact patches obtained with approximate non-Hertzian methods for solving the normal contact problem of wheel and rail. The new regularisation is suitable for wheels and rails with any profiles, including worn profiles.

The paper describes the new procedure of regularisation of the non-elliptical contact patch, the structure of the Kalker book of tables, and parameterisation of the independent variables of the tables and creep forces.

A moderate volume Kalker book of tables for SDEC region suitable for simulation of modern running gears has been computed in co-simulation of Matlab and program CONTACT.

To access the creep forces of the Kalker book of tables, the linear interpolation has been applied.

The creep forces obtained from KBTNH have been compared to those obtained by program CONTACT and FASTSIM algorithm. FASTSIM has been applied on both the contact ellipse and the SDEC contact patch. The comparison shows that KBTNH is in good agreement with CONTACT for a wide range of creepage condition and shapes of the contact patch, whereas the use of FASTSIM on the elliptical patch and SDEC may lead to significant deviations from the reference CONTACT solutions.

The computational cost of calling creep forces from KBTNH has been estimated by comparing CPU time of FASTSIM and KBTNH. The KBTNH is 7.8–51 times faster than FASTSIM working on 36–256 discretisation elements, respectively.

In the example of application, the KBTNH has been applied for curving simulations and results compared with those obtained with the creep force generator employing the elliptical regularisation. The results significantly differ, especially in predicted creepages, because the elliptical regularisation neglects generation of the longitudinal creep force by spin creepage.     

基于社会力模型的地铁站乘客上下车行为影响因素分析

在上下班高峰期,缩短乘客的上下车时间,更多乘客将会被送达目的地,从而可以提高现有地铁系统的载客能力.现有的国内外研究乘客上下车行为的文献,大多以全部乘客下车为前提进行研究,这与现实生活中只有部分乘客下车的现象不符.因此在社会力模型的基础上加入规定未下车乘客行为的等待模型,在等待模型中,未下车乘客倾向于停留在初始位置.模拟了部分乘客下车行为,并研究了乘客初始位置分布、上下车乘客比例、门的宽度等因素对部分上下车乘客所需上下车时间的影响.结果表明,车门宽度增加23.08%,最多可节约39.7%的上车时间和39.62%的下车时间;随着上下车人数比例不断上升,平均上车时间不断下降,平均下车时间不断上升;通过改变下车乘客初始分布位置,可以将乘客下车时间缩短至原来的72.16%.     

沉管隧道变截面管段浮运水流力及系缆桩可靠性分析

为探索沉管隧道变截面管段浮运过程的水流力与系缆桩可靠性,以广州洲头咀沉管隧道为依托,借助CFD软件建立流体动力学模型,计算管段横向浮运所受的水流力并探讨规范水流力公式的适用性;以此为基础,利用ANSYS开展管段浮运系缆桩可靠性分析。研究表明： 1) 规范水流力公式具备一定的适用性,采用结构形式为矩形梁时对应的水流阻力系数会导致与数值计算结果存在不容忽视的差别,通过CFD计算结果修正后两者吻合较好; 2) 系缆桩处于弹性受力状态,刚度与强度均未被削弱,设计方案可满足浮运安全要求; 3) 钢丝绳拉力作用下管段结构混凝土处于带裂缝工作状态,需基于计算结果对系缆桩预埋件锚固区做局部加强以抑制裂缝发展。     

交叉口绿闪信号行人过街行为模型

城市信号交叉口通过设置绿闪信号,在机动车获得通行权之前清空人行横道上的过街行人.为研究行人在此信号期间的过街行为,提出一种绿闪信号时行人过街运动模型.综合分析绿闪信号、周围过街行人、人行横道边界以及右转冲突车辆对行人过街的影响机理,基于社会力模型,建立绿闪后人行横道上行人过街行为模型,并根据实际调查所获得的人行横道尺寸、行人与车辆速度等数据,标定模型参数.基于模型仿真行人运动行为,产生行人分层现象以及与周围行人、冲突车辆避碰等行为,验证模型在宏观层面的有效性;对不同断面的仿真行人与实际过街行人的过街速率变化曲线进行拟合,拟合优度指标显示模型对人行横道前/后半段过街行人模拟精度分别为83% 和95%,验证了模型在微观层面的有效性.