改善山梨试验线磁悬浮车辆的性能

为改善磁悬浮车辆的某些特性,在既有列车组试验结果的基础上,为山梨磁悬浮试验线制造了 2辆新型车辆———对降低微压波进行试验的专用头车Mc5 和改善了乘坐舒适度的运营样车 M4。通过对新型车辆试验,验证了空气动力学性能、乘坐舒适度和车内噪声,并将试验结果与既有车辆进行了比较。     

车体振动评估技术的进展

川崎重工利用试验提出一种新方法,该方法可以准确地预测与车辆运行品质密切相关的车体自振频率。川崎重工的试验表明,车体的自振频率与乘客的多少及乘车状态无关,只是随着乘客的增加,车体振动加速度幅值减小。将乘客看成弹簧进行模型化,用有限元模型进行计算分析,所得结果与试验结果完全一致。因此,乘客对车体振动的影响可以用理论分析的方法来预测。     

日本低地板轻轨车辆转向架的研制

介绍了日本100%低地板轻轨车辆转向架的研制过程,以及该转向架的结构特征、基本特性参数,并概述了有关试验。     

关于赴日本参加2015年国际野生动物管理学大会的报告

为了跟踪国际道路生态学最新发展趋势,了解东亚邻国在道路生态学领域的最新进展,交 通运输部科学研究院派团出席在日本北海道举行的2015 年国际野生动物管理学大会“道路生态学 分论坛”和“道路生态学圆桌会议”。期间,交通运输部科学研究院代表团与加拿大、德国、韩 国、日本、新加坡、中国台湾等国家和地区的道路生态学家们进行了广泛而深入的交流,并展示 了交通运输部科学研究院在长白山区道路野生动物保护领域取得的成果。会后,与会人员共同考 察了日本北海道道路野生动物保护示范工程,包括Doto 高速公路、Obihiro-Hiroo 高速公路、国道 235 和国道236。通过本次出访,我们认为：道路野生动物保护已经成为道路生态学研究的重要内 容,在东亚地区受到了广泛重视,但整体仍存在诸多不足,我国有望在道路生态学的发展方面做 出决定性贡献。     

空气弹簧垂向减振力非线性模型研究

对空气弹簧进行了性能确认试验,建立了空气弹簧垂向作用力的非线性模型,该模型可以广泛应用于空气弹簧受压面积、容积变化率、动静刚度等方面的研究。     

以外国人为视点的日本地铁车站诱导 系统的问题研究

从外国人视点出发,通过现场调查、访问调查和头脑风暴、资料收集等方法,提出了日本地铁车站中使用诱导系统时诱导标识存在的问题;经过提炼关键词和样本收集,体系化地整理了这些问题,并对日本地铁车站中的诱导系统进行了评价统计。     

Interannual variation of the Polar Front in the Japan/East Sea from summertime hydrography and sea level data

The Polar Front in the Japan/East Sea separates the southern warm water region from the northern cold water region. A merged TOPEX/POSEIDON and ERS-1/2 altimeter dataset and upper water temperature data were used to determine the frontal location and to examine the structure of its interannual variability from 1993 to 2001. The identified frontal location, where sea surface height gradient has a maximum about 10–20 cm over the horizontal distance of 100 km, corresponds well to the maximum subsurface horizontal temperature gradient. The front migrates more widely (36°N–41°N) in the western part of the sea than in the eastern part. The interannual migration induces large variability in upper water temperatures and sea surface height in the western region. Responsible physical mechanisms were studied using a reduced-gravity model. Differences between inflow and outflow change the total volume of warm water, and total warm water volume change in the warm water region uniformly pushes the front in the meridional direction across its mean position in the model simulation. Interannual variation of wind stress causes relatively wide migration of the modeled front in the western part.     

Comparison between a reanalyzed product by 3-dimensional variational assimilation technique and observations in the Ulleung Basin of the East/Japan Sea

Reanalyzed products from a MOM3-based East Sea Regional Ocean Model with a 3-dimentional variational data assimilation module (DA-ESROM), have been compared with the observed hydrographic and current datasets in the Ulleung Basin (UB) of the East/Japan Sea (EJS). Satellite-borne sea surface temperature and sea surface height data, and in-situ temperature profiles have been assimilated into the DA-ESROM. The performance of the DA-ESROM appears to be efficient enough to be used in an operational ocean forecast system.Comparing with the results from Mitchell et al. [Mitchell, D. A., Watts, D. R., Wimbush, M., Teague, W.J., Tracey, K. L., Book, J. W., Chang, K.-I., Suk, M.-S., Yoon, J.-H., 2005a. Upper circulation patterns in the Ulleung Basin. Deep-Sea Res. II, 52, 1617-1638.], the DA-ESROM fairly well simulates the high variability of the Ulleung Warm Eddy and Dok Cold Eddy as well as the branching of the Tsushima Warm Current in the UB. The overall root-mean-square error between 100 m temperature field reproduced by the DA-ESROM and the observed 100-dbar temperature field is 2.1 °C, and the spatially averaged grid-to-grid correlation between the two temperature fields is high with a mean value of 0.79 for the inter-comparison period.The DA-ESROM reproduces the development of strong southward North Korean Cold Current (NKCC) in summer consistent with the observational results, which is thought to be an improvement of the previous numerical models in the EJS. The reanalyzed products show that the NKCC is about 35 km wide, and flows southward along the Korean coast from spring to summer with maximum monthly mean volume transport of about 0.8 Sv in August–September.     

Review on the seasonal variation of the surface circulation in the Japan/East Sea

The seasonal variation of the surface circulation in the Japan/East Sea (JES) and the Tsushima/Korea Straits (TKS) is reviewed and discussed, focusing on mesoscale and submesoscale variabilities.The monsoon modified by coastal geographical features near Vladivostok generates a dipole of vortex off Vladivostok which induces dramatic changes in the surface circulation in the northwest JES, splitting the Subpolar Gyre into two smaller gyres by generating the Vladivostok Dome. Between these two smaller gyres, the Northwest Thermal Front is formed and current reversal is induced along the North Korean coast. The winter monsoon also induces a current reversal along the Sakhalin coast. The volume transport of the surface Subpolar Gyre has two maxima in January and August. The maximum in August is induced by the summer intensification of the Liman-North Korean Cold Current and the shallow and narrow surface coastal jet generated by the sea ice and snow melting. The maximum in January is induced by the northwest monsoon and associated cooling.Salient features in the TKS are the submesoscale variabilities. In the western channel, submesoscale eddies with length scale of about 80 km and time scale of 5–6 days develop in the cold period. On the lee side of the Tsushima Islands, Karman-like vortex pairs are generated in the warm period. Anticyclonic vortices generated at the northern tip of the Tsushima Islands have a time scale of 5 to 8 days, length scale of 35 to 60 km, and propagate toward the JES with a phase speed of 8 cm/s. Cyclonic vortices south of the anticyclonic counter part of the vortex pairs are rather stationary with intermittent occasional propagation toward the east. The development of stratification seems to be necessary for the development of Karman-like vortex pairs.Summarizing the results above, a schematic surface circulation with seasonal change is proposed.     

日本50000型特快客车(待续)

新型50000型特快列车属第七代观光客车,采用了头车观光舱位和铰接式车体连接结构、高位空气弹簧车体支承方式、车体倾摆控制、转向架导向控制等一系列新技术,进一步提高了乘坐舒适度.在结构设计方面,采用了高达2.55 m的穹顶式车顶和长达4 m的连续车窗,形成了高居住性空间,与外观设计相配套,给人以耳目一新的感觉.