三臂凿岩台车施工技术在青岛胶州湾海底隧道中的应用研究

通过三臂液压凿岩台车在青岛胶州湾海底隧道施工中的应用研究,充分地发挥三臂液压凿岩台车作业范围大、灵活性强、空气粉尘污染小、安全文明、液压冲击钻高效的技术优势,不仅在Ⅱ,Ⅲ级围岩施工中体现了其无可比拟的优越性,而且在Ⅳ,Ⅴ级及破碎弱风化围岩施工中,也显示了其较强的适应性,实现了快速、优质、安全、高效施工。     

海底隧道过断层破碎带施工风险分析与应对措施

为了避免胶州湾隧道在穿越多条断层破碎带施工时,发生坍塌、冒顶、突水、突泥等事故,结合青岛胶州湾海底隧道工程设计和施工,通过采用风险分析和评价的方法对过断层破碎带施工风险进行分析,并提出风险的应对措施,风险评估结果可为以后类似工程提供参考。     

福厦铁路玉塘洋特大桥台尾路基垮塌原因分析及处理措施

东南沿海地区滨海软土特别发育,临时工程的不当设置,将影响铁路工程路基的稳定。结合福厦铁路玉塘洋特大桥台尾路基垮塌实例,对垮塌原因进行分析,提出了以桥代路方案,实施结果保证了路基工程的稳定性,和福厦铁路施工的顺利推进。     

深埋大断面黄土隧道初期支护受力特征分析

为避免初期支护局部破坏对深埋黄土隧道安全产生危害,依托甘肃省境内早胜3号隧道施工开展深埋大断面黄土隧道初期支护受力规律的现场试验研究。通过埋设振弦式传感器对围岩与初期支护接触压力、喷射混凝土应变、钢拱架应变、相邻钢拱架间作用力进行监测,同时建立模拟隧道施工的有限元计算模型,分析得到初期支护内力分布特点。结果表明： 1) 初期支护受力随时间表现出迅速增长—缓慢增长—逐渐稳定的特点,曲线在二次衬砌闭合12 d后基本稳定; 2)应力空间分布上部大下部小,偏压特性明显,荷载理论计算值偏小; 3) 拱顶及边墙区域为初期支护薄弱部位,需采取措施并加强监控量测; 4)数值计算表明锚杆末端轴力较小,设计中可考虑适当缩短锚杆长度。     

济南市主城区路网跨胶济铁路通道研究

从现状穿越胶济铁路道路系统服务水平能力研究入手,对主城区跨线道路现状进行统计,定量分析现状路网服务水平,并对其进行评估。结合未来年规划人口发展趋势,定性分析穿越铁路通道的需求,结合路网提出穿越铁路通道的改善建议。     

胶新铁路软弱土路基沉降规律与变形预测研究

软弱土具有压缩性高、含水量大、强度低和透水性差等特点,在上部荷载长期作用下,必将产生一定的沉降,甚至发生于运营阶段,对铁路的运营质量造成危害。该文基于铁道部项目-胶新铁路路基沉降监测和预测研究,对不同的试验段进行了长达两年的监测,以给出规律性的结论。首先该文介绍了软弱土路基沉降及预测的研究概况,并对研究的试验段DK300进行了介绍;然后该文详细分析了该段路基的实测沉降及其变化规律,并对各断面在通车前后的累积沉降进行对比分析,得出重要结论。最后该文对软弱土路基沉降变形预测进行了详细研究,运用了组合预测方法,结果与实测值较吻合,有实用价值。     

桃树坪隧道穿越富水粉细砂地层双导洞超前法施工技术

在建兰渝铁路桃树坪隧道为Ⅰ级铁路双线隧道,施工穿越上第三系富水粉细砂地层。为了解决由于出水量大,岩性软,成岩作用及稳定性差,在隧道开挖过程中,含水粉细砂层软化现象明显,常呈流塑状,无自稳性,造成大断面隧道施工极其困难的问题,结合桃树坪隧道3#斜井正洞围岩特点研究采用了双导洞超前法施工,通过导洞超前降水、先行稳固拱脚,解决了富水粉细砂层大断面隧道开挖困难、初期支护变形严重难以控制的问题。     

Numerical analysis of the dynamic interaction between wheel set and turnout crossing using the explicit finite element method

A three-dimensional (3-D) explicit dynamic finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the impact of the wheel on the crossing nose. The model consists of a wheel set moving over the turnout crossing. Realistic wheel, wing rail and crossing geometries have been used in the model. Using this model the dynamic responses of the system such as the contact forces between the wheel and the crossing, crossing nose displacements and accelerations, stresses in rail material as well as in sleepers and ballast can be obtained. Detailed analysis of the wheel set and crossing interaction using the local contact stress state in the rail is possible as well, which provides a good basis for prediction of the long-term behaviour of the crossing (fatigue analysis). In order to tune and validate the FE model field measurements conducted on several turnouts in the railway network in the Netherlands are used here. The parametric study including variations of the crossing nose geometries performed here demonstrates the capabilities of the developed model. The results of the validation and parametric study are presented and discussed.     

Study on the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset with solid axles in a railway turnout

ABSTRACT

Dynamic wheel–rail interaction in railway turnouts is more complicated than on ordinary track. In order to evaluate the derailment behaviour of railway wheelsets in railway turnouts, this paper presents a study of dynamic wheel–rail interaction during a wheel flange climbs on the turnout rails, by applying the elasticity positioning wheelset model. A numerical model is established based on a coupled finite element method and multi-body dynamics, and applied to study the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset in both the facing and trailing directions in a railway turnout, as well as dynamic wheel–turnout rail interaction during the wheel flange climbing on the turnout rails. The influence of the wheel–rail attack angle and the friction coefficient on the dynamic derailment behaviour is investigated through the proposed model. The results show that the derailment safety for a wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing direction is significantly lower than that for the trailing direction and the ordinary track. The possibility of derailment for the wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing and trailing directions at positive wheel–rail attack angles will increase with an increase in the attack angles, and the possibility of derailment can be reduced by decreasing the friction coefficient.     

The effects of information bias and riding frequency on noise annoyance to a new railway extension in Hong Kong

We investigate how two non-acoustic factors, information bias and riding frequency, can affect the annoyance response of an urban population to noise created by a new railway line. The study shows that information bias is asymmetrical. Respondents receiving only information on positive measures taken by the authority to reduce noise emission are more tolerant of the noise impact, but those receiving only critical views tend to be more annoyed because they feel that not all measures to reduce noise have been employed. Additionally people who use the line frequently are more tolerant to the noise impact than those who do not. Information bias seems to have a temporary masking effect over riding frequency lasting for a few weeks after railway opening. This suggest that whilst free flow of information provided by the authority can help alleviate annoyance response, encouraging the people affected to make use of the new infrastructure may be useful to reduce public resistance and noise annoyance.