船舶尾轴承的变形对其润滑特性的影响研究

在工作载荷和船体变形的共同影响下，船舶尾轴承发生变形并改变了轴承与螺旋桨轴之间的相对位置关系。导致螺旋桨轴轴颈中线与轴承中线之间形成一个变形夹角，这个夹角影响轴承润滑油膜的压力分布和刚度系数．通过对润滑油膜刚度系数的数值计算，分析了轴线问夹角对油膜刚度的影响关系．从计算结果可以得到：随着夹角的增大，油膜刚度kxx，kyy。和kxy。会增大，而交叉刚度kyz，减小，同时夹角只能在一定的角度范围内对油胰刚度产生影响．     

悬索桥重力刚度法及主缆水平拉力计算

对于大跨度悬索桥,加劲梁的抗弯刚度远远小于具备强大拉力储备的主缆的重力刚度,加劲梁的抗弯刚度的大小对全桥结构行为的影响只是处于次要地位。忽略加劲梁的抗弯刚度而将悬索桥当成一个单纯的索结构来分析它的内力和变形的方法就是重力刚度法。通过与悬索同跨简支梁的剪力和弯矩来明确重力刚度的概念,并揭示该剪力和主缆水平拉力、该弯矩和主缆挠度之间的关系。分别采用重力刚度法和通用软件ANSYS来计算悬索桥的内力和变形,其结果接近,说明采用重力刚度法计算的结果也是具有参考价值的。     

基于边界约束刚度参数优化的轨道扣件弹条防断裂设计方法

为了研究弹条服役状态下模态频率与波磨激励频率一致引发的共振断裂问题,建立潘得路FC快速弹条有限元简化模型,通过以弹簧为边界条件模拟弹条不同部位的约束,分析其模态频率随约束刚度的变化规律,提出基于弹条约束刚度参数优化的防断裂设计方法。结果表明:弹条扣压端垂向约束刚度(150～450 N/mm)对弹条第一、三阶模态频率(400、900 Hz)有显著的正相关作用,并对第三阶共振峰幅值有明显影响;弹条后跟下部径向约束刚度(400～1 600 N/mm)的变化,引起弹条第二阶模态频率(660 Hz)的变化,两者呈现正相关关系,同时对弹条第二阶共振峰幅值也有显著影响。弹条第二、第三阶模态频率为危险频率,防断裂设计时应重点考虑。     

Nonlinearity in the vertical transmissibility of seating: the role of the human body apparent mass and seat dynamic stiffness

The efficiency of a seat in reducing vibration depends on the characteristics of the vibration, the dynamic characteristics of the seat, and the dynamic characteristics of the person sitting on the seat. However, it is not known whether seat cushions influence the dynamic response of the human body, whether the human body influences the dynamic response of seat cushions, or the relative importance of human body nonlinearity and seat nonlinearity in causing nonlinearity in measures of seat transmissibility. This study was designed to investigate the nonlinearity of the coupled seat and human body systems and to compare the apparent mass of the human body supported on rigid and foam seats. A frequency domain model was used to identify the dynamic parameters of seat foams and investigate their dependence on the subject-sitting weight and hip breadth. With 15 subjects, the force and acceleration at the seat base and acceleration at the subject interface were measured during random vertical vibration excitation (0.25–25 Hz) at each of five vibration magnitudes, (0.25–1.6 ms^?2 r.m.s.) with four seating conditions (rigid flat seat and three foam cushions). The measurements are presented in terms of the subject's apparent mass on the rigid and foam seat surfaces, and the transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of each of the foam cushions. Both the human body and the foams showed nonlinear softening behaviour, which resulted in nonlinear cushion transmissibility. The apparent masses of subjects sitting on the rigid seat and on foam cushions were similar, but with an apparent increase in damping when sitting on the foams. The foam dynamic stiffness showed complex correlations with characteristics of the human body, which differed between foams. The nonlinearities in cushion transmissibilities, expressed in terms of changes in resonance frequencies and moduli, were more dependent on human body nonlinearity than on cushion nonlinearity.     

装配式PC箱梁刚度退化及识别的足尺试验

为了明确装配式预应力混凝土（PC）梁刚度在损伤状态下的退化规律，针对3片30 m预应力混凝土箱梁开展了足尺模型试验研究。首先，建立了损伤梁的结构静动刚度识别模型，基于跨中挠度提出了结构等代静刚度计算式，基于自振频率提出了结构等代动刚度的计算式；其次，对足尺箱梁进行了多工况的静力逐级加载和动力交替试验，分析了箱梁裂缝、挠度、频率等特征参数随荷载的演化规律，研究了损伤状态对箱梁特征参数的影响；再次，通过有限元模型修正给出了箱梁动刚度衰减系数，研究了结构静动刚度随损伤状态的衰减规律，分析了静动刚度差异的原因；最后，建立了结构静动刚度衰减系数和裂缝特征参数之间的经验回归式，并与现有研究成果进行了对比。结果表明：初始损伤状况对箱梁受荷后的裂缝统计分布特征参数有一定影响；箱梁开裂后在相同荷载下的结构等代静、动刚度衰减程度并不相同，其中最终的静刚度衰减系数为0.30，最终的动刚度衰减系数为0.80；足尺梁与室内缩尺模型梁的静刚度衰减系数并不相同。所提出的静、动刚度衰减公式较为简洁，可用于实际损伤箱梁的结构性能评估。     

列车制动对刚构桥上无缝线路梁轨相对位移的影响研究

基于有限元方法建立桥上无缝线路单层弹簧阻力模型,研究了刚构桥及相邻简支梁桥桥墩纵向水平刚度匹配关系对梁轨相对位移的影响。采用铁路上常用的3种跨度刚构桥进行对比计算分析,结果表明,在刚构桥全桥制动时,刚构桥桥墩纵向水平刚度在一个范围内,梁轨相对位移随着刚构桥相邻两侧简支梁桥桥墩纵向水平刚度的增加先降低后增加;小于该范围时,梁轨相对位移随着简支梁桥桥墩刚度的减小而减小;而大于该范围时,梁轨相对位移变化规律与小于该范围的规律相反;并且该刚度范围随着刚构桥总长度的增加而增大。对于60 m+100 m+60 m的刚构桥,上述范围为1 100¹ 400 kN//(cm·双线);当刚构桥桥墩刚度取定为1 100 kN/(cm·双线),简支梁刚度从800 kN/(cm·双线)降低到400 kN/(cm·双线)时,附加伸缩力降低,梁轨相对位移先降低后增加,采用归一化方法处理数据,得出最优刚度取值为455 kN/(cm·双线)。     

On the scattering of test data and the significance of the standard coefficients ‘dynamic stiffness’ and ‘loss angle’ for hydraulic engine mounts

Based on the test results, a study on the scattering of the standard coefficients c _dyn and δ within the test cycles on a standard testing machine as well as within the samples of a batch of hydraulic engine mounts is performed; furthermore, an estimate for the systematic error caused by the testing machine is given. By a simulated example, the pronounced sensitivity of the response of the engine to the scattering of c _dyn and δ as well as to even small deviations of the hysteresis curves for otherwise identical values of the standard coefficients is demonstrated. As a main result, it is found that the most important source of uncertainty is scattering within the batch, which, in conjunction with the observed sensitivity of the response of the engine, raises the question for the meaningful level of sophistication of a model for predictive purposes.     

On vehicle/track impact at connection between a floating slab and ballasted track and floating slab track's effectiveness of force isolation

When a vehicle runs over the connection between a floating slab track (FST) and ballasted track, wheel/rail impact may occur because of the stiffness difference in the two kinds of track, and thus a transition sector is usually included at the connection to smoothen the stiffness change. This phenomenon is studied by numerical simulation using a time-domain model for an idealised case without such a transition to determine whether it is actually necessary. Calculation results show that the wheel/rail impact load is moderate for a light FST and increases with the vehicle speed or decreasing the natural frequency of the FST. From simulation the wheel/rail parametric excitation is observed, as a result of variation in the stiffness of the FST with the period of the single slab length. The wheel/rail load due to the parametric excitation also increases with the vehicle speed. In addition, good performance of vibration isolation can be seen for the FST in terms of the force transmitted to the infrastructure.     

挠度法求残余预应力的试验研究

在役预应力构件的残余预应力是反映构件使用安全状况和承载力的参数,用各种规范的设计公式计算残余预应力都有误差。挠度法的现场检测可以求出在役构件的残余预应力,步骤是测量挠度,求出刚度,然后代入残余预应力与刚度的关系式即可计算出残余预应力。文中列出了测量挠度的方法和步骤,刚度的计算也有详细的过程,还给出了试验构件的残余预应力与刚度的关系式。     

界面污染对沥青小梁疲劳性能的影响研究

为研究层间界面的污染情况对沥青铺面整体使用性能所产生的影响，采用由不同类型混合料复合而成的、含有层间界面的复合沥青小梁，进行抗剪强度试验和四点弯曲疲劳试验，以机油污染和黄土污染作为污染源，调整污染量，用于模拟施工过程中可能存在的污染情况，并对其在不同工况下的层间抗剪强度及整体疲劳寿命进行测定。试验结果表明：（1）就各类影响层间抗剪强度因素的敏感性而言，机油污染的敏感性要高于黄土污染；（2）同等试验条件下，随着污染量的增加，复合小梁的疲劳寿命显著减小，一定程度后逐渐趋于稳定；（3）在相同污染量工况下，机油对于层间粘结性能的影响要大于黄土污染对其产生的影响；（4）就弯曲劲度模量损失量而言，当污染量达到一定程度后，复合小梁的层间粘结性就会丧失。