卫星定位不停车收费中基于决策圈的路径识别方法

首次提出在复杂区域使用决策圈的方法进行地图匹配,并提出一种GPS地图匹配和设置决策圈结合的新的路段识别方法,用于解决高速公路卫星收费系统或车栽导航中复杂路段地图匹配不准确的问题.对常规地图匹配算法GPS由于精度难以匹配的路段区域设定决策圈,对决策圈内路段进行特殊匹配处理.在处理方法上利用预先采集到的路段上的准确点代替电...     

Mind the map! The impact of transit maps on path choice in public transit

This paper investigates the impact of schematic transit maps on passengers’ travel decisions. It does two things: First, it proposes an analysis framework that defines four types of information delivered from a transit map: distortion, restoration, codification, and cognition. It then considers the potential impact of this information on three types of travel decisions: location, mode, and path choices.¹ Second, it conducts an empirical analysis to explore the impact of the famous London tube map on passengers’ path choice in the London Underground (LUL). Using data collected by LUL from 1998 to 2005, the paper develops a path choice model and compares the influence between the distorted tube map (map distance) and reality (travel time) on passengers’ path choice behavior. Results show that the elasticity of the map distance is twice that of the travel time, which suggests that passengers often trust the tube map more than their own travel experience on deciding the “best” travel path. This is true even for the most experienced passengers using the system. The codification of transfer connections on the tube map, either as a simple dot or as an extended link, could affect passengers’ transfer decisions. The implications to transit operation and planning, such as trip assignments, overcrowding mitigation, and the deployment of Advanced Transit Information System (ATIS), are also discussed.     

浅谈智能交通中的电子地图

就智能交通系统中电子地图的作用，特点，信息获取方法，制作过程等方面作了介绍，并指出在信息获取的制作过程中应该注意的问题以及所使用的一些技术。     

一种适用于复杂城市路网的浮动车实时地图匹配技术

地图匹配技术是浮动车系统从数据接收到结果展示各个环节中最为关键的一项内容,但是目前国际上浮动车系统多用于路网结构简单的高速公路系统,而将匹配技术应用于立交遍布、主辅路交错的复杂城市道路系统时往往得不到满意的匹配效果.文章通过对现有各种地图匹配方法的分析比较,针对大采集时间间隔GPS数据在北京市复杂路网结构中遇到的实际问题,提出了一种局部节点匹配的改进的最优路径选择算法,将该算法应用于实验系统后,获得了令人满意的匹配速度与准确度,证实了这一地图匹配算法能较好地适用于现代复杂城市路网的实时浮动车计算系统.     

高精度车载导航定位系统的研究

通过对车载导航系统结构、功能的分析，对车辆的高精度导航定位进行了研究。在常见的卫星导航（GPS）、航位推算（DR）等导航定位的基础上，进一步研究并实现了地图匹配算法，克服了GPS信号受阻时定位间断或失效的缺点，避免了航位推算定位误差随时间的积累。通过大量的跑车试验表明，基于GPS／DR／MM的车辆导航系统，可以高精度地实现车辆定位，进而可以实现地理信息的查询、交通诱导等功能。具有重要的实际应用价值。     

What do people know about their public transport options?

This paper studies the memory representations of residents regarding the public transport system in their city. Telephone interviews were conducted with a representative sample of 204 inhabitants in a selected residential inner-city area in Stockholm. Route knowledge questions, recognition tasks, free-recall tasks and estimations of service frequency were used to explore memory representations. The results showed that, in general, residents in metropolitan areas have good knowledge of the public transport options along well-known transport corridors. The memory representation of lesser-known transport corridors tends to be of a poorer quality. In the results presented here, the variables gender, age, employment status, level of education and car availability had no correlation with the quality of the memory representation, but experience increased knowledge. Although frequent users of public transport had a more detailed representation of the system, the less frequent users also had a considerable- and good-memory representation. An explorative hierarchy for representation of public transport lines in the memory is proposed. It is hypothesised that memory representations of a transport line can be affected by the following three factors: the extent to which a line is visible in the urban area, the straightness of the routes and whether or not stops are labelled, for example, by destination area. Simply put, these factors determine how well a person knows a line. It was found that people first remember a commuter train and a trunk bus line, followed by metro lines and suburban buses and finally normal inner-city buses with the poorest anchorage in memory.

Behavior of the cell transmission model and effectiveness of ramp metering

The paper characterizes the behavior of the cell transmission model of a freeway, divided into N sections or cells, each with one on-ramp and one off-ramp. The state of the dynamical system is the N-dimensional vector n of vehicle densities in the N sections. A feasible stationary demand pattern induces a unique equilibrium flow in each section. However, there is an infinite set—in fact a continuum—of equilibrium states, including a unique uncongested equilibrium n^u in which free flow speed prevails in all sections, and a unique most congested equilibrium n^con. In every other equilibrium n^e one or more sections are congested, and n^u  n^e  n^con. Every equilibrium is stable and every trajectory converges to some equilibrium state.Two implications for ramp metering are explored. First, if the demand exceeds capacity and the ramps are not metered, every trajectory converges to the most congested equilibrium. Moreover, there is a ramp metering strategy that increases discharge flows and reduces total travel time compared with the no-metering strategy. Second, even when the demand is feasible but the freeway is initially congested, there is a ramp metering strategy that moves the system to the uncongested equilibrium and reduces total travel time. The two conclusions show that congestion invariably indicates wastefulness of freeway resources that ramp metering can eliminate.     

混沌扩频通信系统仿真

码分多址（CDMA）扩频通信系统的关键问题之一是如何选择优质的扩频码。文章采用Logistic映射方程产生混沌序列,对基于混沌序列的CDMA扩频通信系统进行仿真研究。结果表明,混沌序列具有生成简单,可用码组数目多、保密性能高等优点,可以很好地应用于扩频通信系统。     

基于改进遗传算法的出租车共乘线路规划研究

常规出租车运行模式效率低,增加了城市的拥堵. 针对兰州市出租车搭载率低和行驶路线规划不合理等问题,设计一种以最高搭载率、最短行驶距离为目标的函数,考虑出租车的容量限制、车辆行驶距离限制及上下车人数约束等问题的共乘模式. 建立基于改进遗传算法的出租车共乘线路规划模型. 通过采用锦标赛选择策略、站点片段交叉设计和站点监督式变异等操作对模型进行求解. 最后用兰州市出租车历史轨迹数据进行实验分析,结果表明,运用设计的出租车线路规划模型及改进的遗传算法,能够快速地得到优化路径,实现多辆出租车的规划路径满足最高搭载率及最短距离的要求.     

基于OpenGL的虚拟现实地图实现方法研究

着重讨论了3D GIS环境下的三维建模及如何利用OpenGL标准图形接口实现虚拟现实地图的方法.提出先利用3D Studio VIZ构建复杂物体三维景观,然后在OpenGL中导出三维模型,最后在编程的基础上实现了某一实验区的虚拟现实地图.