聚合物水泥砂浆路用性能与改性机理研究

为了研究聚合物水泥砂浆(PMA)的路用性能,通过室内测试,研究聚合物对水泥砂浆凝结性能、力学性能、粘结性能与耐久性能的改性作用;通过观察SEM扫描电镜照片,分析聚合物对砂浆的改性机理。试验结果表明:随着聚合物掺量的增加,水泥净浆的初凝与终凝时间延长;PMA的抗折强度较普通砂浆有大幅度提高且压折比降低,粘结强度增大,变形、耐腐蚀与抗渗等耐久性能均显著增强。由于聚合物具有成膜和填充效应,PMA内部趋向于一种连续密实的空间网架结构。PMA的各项性能均有随聚灰比的增加而改性效果更明显的趋势。     

关于城市主干路设置辅路条件的研究

结合实际项目经验,通过分析道路功能定位、交通需求、交通组织方式及城市主干路辅路的设置条件等,根据所建立的计算模型,在设计规范的基础上对城市主干路设置辅路的可能性条件和必要性条件进行了深入研究,以期为类似设计研究提供参考。     

柠条塔牵引所馈线保护过流Ⅱ段跳闸原因分析及解决措施

随着我国电气化铁路的不断发展,供电安全与供电可靠性引起线路故障时常发生,从而导致运输企业的经济效益也受到影响。研究表明,在红柠铁路,随着运量的提升,牵引机车类型的变化,原设计的牵引供电系统能力逐渐不能满足现在的供电负荷需求,经常引起牵引变电所馈线跳闸。本文通过对红柠铁路柠条塔牵引变电所馈线保护过流Ⅱ段跳闸原因进行分析,提出了调整馈线整定值、合理优化运输组织方案等临时解决措施,以及对牵引供电系统进行能力提升改造等永久性解决措施,为红柠铁路满足运量提升,保证红柠铁路运输畅通提出了解决思路。     

自由设站放样测量在轨道交通连续刚构PC梁架设中的应用

芜湖轨道交通二号线是国内外首次采用跨坐式连续刚构PC梁的轨道交通项目,相较于国内外现有轨道交通项目的跨坐式简支PC梁,在梁体安装精度、线路平顺性控制、施工技术难度等方面均优于跨坐式简支PC梁。介绍了跨坐式连续刚构PC梁架设中自由设站放样测量控制网的测设原理、布点方法及布点形式,利用自由设站放样测量方法设站灵活、放样精度高等特点,结合自主研发的专用放样工装设备,解决了轻轨跨坐式连续刚构PC梁架设中测量精度不稳定、高程上桥困难、作业时遮挡严重、测量人员安全风险大、多榀梁连接平顺性差等测量难题,可将轨道梁中线偏差控制在3 mm以内,轨道梁中心变化率控制在1.5 mm/1.5 m以内,线路超高情况下的角度公差控制在±1/8°以内。实践证明:自由设站放样测量能够满足轨道PC梁精调施工定位的精度要求,且效率高、精度高、安全性高,在同类项目中具有推广和应用价值。     

Methods for pre-processing smartcard data to improve data quality

In recent years smartcards have been implemented in many transit systems around the world as a means by which passengers pay for travel. In addition to allowing speedier boardings there are many secondary benefits of smartcard systems including better understanding of travel patterns and behaviour of travellers. Such research is dependent on the smartcard correctly recording the boarding stop, and where available the alighting stop. It is also dependent on the smartcard system correctly aggregating individual rides into trips.This paper identifies causes for why smartcard systems may not correctly record such information. The first contribution of the paper is to propose a set of rules to aggregate individual rides into a single trip. This is critical in the research of activity based modelling as well as for correctly charging the passenger. The second contribution of the paper is to provide an approach to identify erroneous tap-out data, either caused by system problems or by the user. An approach to detecting this phenomenon is provided. The output from this analysis is then used to identify faulty vehicles or data supply using the “comparison against peers approach”. This third contribution of the paper identifies where transit agencies and operators should target resources to improve performance of their Automatic Vehicle Location systems. This method could also be used to identify users who appear to be tapping out too early.The approaches are tested using smartcard data from the Singapore public transport network from one week in April 2011. The results suggest that approximately 7.7% of all smartcard rides recorded the passenger as alighting one stop before the bus stop that they most probably alighted at. A further 0.7% of smartcard rides recorded the passenger as alighting more than one stop before the bus stop that they most probably alighted at. There was no evidence that smartcards overestimated the distance travelled by the passenger.     

A Granular Variable Tabu Neighborhood Search for the capacitated location-routing problem

This paper proposes a new heuristic algorithm for the Capacitated Location-Routing Problem (CLRP), called Granular Variable Tabu Neighborhood Search (GVTNS). This heuristic includes a Granular Tabu Search within a Variable Neighborhood Search algorithm. The proposed algorithm is experimentally compared on the benchmark instances from the literature with several of the most effective heuristics proposed for the solution of the CLRP, by taking into account the CPU time and the quality of the solutions obtained. The computational results show that GVTNS is able to obtain good average solutions in short CPU times, and to improve five best known solutions from the literature. The main contribution of this paper is to show a successful new heuristic for the CLRP, combining two known heuristic approaches to improve the global performance of the proposed algorithm for what concerns both the quality of the solutions and the computing times required to find them.     

Collective public-transport tickets and anticipated majority choice: A model of student tickets

In Germany, many universities have student tickets that are bargained for between student representatives and public transport companies, approved by referendum, and mandatory for all students. They allow the use of public transport at no additional cost. I analyze such a scenario in a theoretical model as an example of a flat-rate ticket for public transport which is implemented by majority decision. The mandatory character of the ticket reduces transaction costs like marketing and ticket inspection, reducing the ticket price and thus the students’ commuting expenses. However, there is a countervailing effect. Students face and rationally expect zero marginal monetary commuting costs, so that new students choose a place of residence which is relatively far from the university. This in turn raises the equilibrium ticket price. It may even be the case that students would be better off if such a ticket had never existed. Nonetheless, they always vote for it in referenda, because accepting the high price is optimal given their place of residence. After laying out the model, I analyze an optimal policy, which consists, for example, of subsidizing student dorms at an efficient distance to the city center.     

右置掉头与右转共用车道通行能力研究

在中央分隔带宽度受限的情形下,掉头置于靠近中央分隔带的车道上,公交车等大型车辆的转弯半径过小,对交叉口的行车安全和交通效率均有不利影响.将掉头车道置于行车方向的最右侧与右转共用车道,可以有效解决此问题.文章通过借鉴通行能力手册HCM上直左、直右以及左右共用车道通行能力计算方法,在确定左转及掉头调整因子基础上,建立了交叉口掉头右置与右转共用车道的通行能力计算模型.研究结论可为掉头车道设计提供理论支撑.     

阻抗匹配平衡变压器差动保护动作方程与整定

用原边相电流构成阻抗匹配平衡变压器的差动保护，当阻抗匹配系数K2≠√3 1时产生固有的不平衡电流，易引起误动作．按变压器原边相电流差构成电流差动保护解决上述问题．针对3段折线的动作特性，给出了阻抗匹配平衡变压器差动保护整定计算原则与公式，其中考虑了正常运行的不平衡电流、电流互感器饱和及最大励磁涌流对差动保护动作的影响．     

秦沈客运专线高速试验段线路缓和曲线动力学仿真分析

利用北美铁道协会 (AAR)开发的大型商业通用轮轨动力学仿真计算软件NUCARS ,对秦沈客运专线高速试验段采用的三次抛物线型缓和曲线进行了列车线路动力学仿真分析 ,并与日本新干线采用的半波正弦缓和曲线进行了对比 ;同时也对中国与日本新干线不同超高设置方法对轮轨动力学性能的影响进行了对比仿真计算。研究结果表明 ,现在使用的缓和曲线线型以及中国式超高设置方法满足秦沈线试验段高速试验要求的安全性和舒适性。