Forecasting the impacts of climate change on inland waterways

Inland waterways are vulnerable to climate change as river navigation depends on water levels. Droughts can severely disrupt inland navigation services by reducing water levels either to completely non-navigable ones or to levels that oblige operators to reduce vessel load. We analyse the impacts of droughts induced by climate change using projections of river discharge data provided by eleven different climate model runs. We consider location specific characteristics by focusing the analysis on four specific locations of the Rhine and the Danube where a substantial part of the total freight activity in the European Union (EU) takes place. For the majority of the cases and scenarios considered, a decrease of the number of low water level days is projected, leading to fewer drought related disruptions in the operation of the inland waterway transport system. Although the uncertainties from the climate projections should not be neglected, the navigation sector could benefit from global warming which means that European inland waterways might be one of the few sectors where climate change can have negligible, or even positive, impact. The average economic benefit, for the cases considered, from the decrease of low water levels by the end of the century is projected to be almost €8million annually.     

Size effect on residual stress in low transformation temperature welded joints

It has been reported that low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metals are beneficial to generation of compressive residual stress around weld zone. In this study, the relationship among residual stress, size effect of LTT welded joints with different plate width and thickness as well as martensite start (Ms) temperatures was investigated by experimental and finite-element analysis. It was found that heat dissipation and thermal expansion coefficient of LTT weld metal had a significant impact on residual stress. Welded joint with a small plate width led to greater compressive residual stresses in the LTT weld, which was due to the lower heat dissipation and smaller thermal expansion coefficient of the LTT weld metal in due course of cooling process. Additionally, the finite-element analysis revealed that increasing plate width mainly affected the longitudinal residual stress, while increasing the plate thickness influenced all the residual stress components in the LTT weld. Furthermore, the LTT weld with a lower Ms temperature of 191 °C resulted in greater compressive residual stresses, and was less sensitive to the LTT joint size, as against the Ms temperature of 398 °C.     

一种无底坑、无顶层高度的船用升降机实现方法

船用环境下,由于升降机的井道空间(包括底坑深度、顶层高度)资源紧张,导致物流输送任务路径受限制。为了提高井道空间利用率,可采用直线电动机强制驱动,并通过分段提升的方式,实现井道无底坑、无顶层高度的布置需求。文章分析了无底坑、无顶层高度的船用升降机的需求,介绍了实现方法和关键技术,并制造原理样机加以验证。     

船舶初稳性安全余量的求解

利用船舶原理、船舶破损稳性规范标准、船舶在波浪中的运动理论及船模试验数据结果，综合分析并提出了基于最小许用初稳性基础上求解船舶初稳性安全余量的方法。     

延迟型高度阀特性参数的研究

根据高度阀的工作原理建立了力学方程和气体流量方程,利用Simulink进行了高度阀的不感带、流量以及延迟时间的时域仿真,并研究了高度阀的结构参数如阻尼、缓冲弹簧刚度、不感带幅值、杠杆比以及节流面积等对其性能的影响,最终得到了高度阀特性与其结构参数的关系式。     

重庆市金海大道苗圃段防洪护岸工程对嘉陵江行洪能力影响分析

通过建立和验证平面二维水流数学模型,对金海大道苗圃段防洪护岸工程进行了多种水文组合下的行洪能力计算,获取了工程的过水面积占据率、最大壅水高度、壅水范围及流速特征值变化等成果,以研究其对嘉陵江行洪能力的影响。     

船舶稳性评价的重心高度等级法研究

提出用细化的重心高度来评价稳性的理论假设,并提出用θ=30°时的有效恢复力矩来求出相当重心高度的概念,对评价稳性作了一些探讨。     

高原低气压增氧旅客列车车厢温度场及热舒适的CFD评价

根据青藏铁路格尔木—拉萨段客车增氧低压的环境特点,对人体热舒适评价指标进行修正。基于RNGk—ε模型,采用计算流体动力学软件(CFD),建立25T型客车的简化CFD模型,利用求解该模型获取的数据对乘客热舒适性进行评价。结果表明:靠近车厢内部中央的温度低,靠近四周壁面的高;除车窗附近2个温度测点在大气压强为101.3kPa时的温度线与大气压强为70.7kPa时的有较大差异外,其余4个测点的温度线在这2个大气压强时重合或非常接近;大气压强为101.3和70.7kPa时,6个测点的温度比大气压强为55.6kPa时高0～2℃:在车厢外气温和辐射强度相同的条件下,大气压强下降至55.6kPa时才对车厢内温度产生明显的影响;当大气压强为55.6kPa时,受气流影响,坐在靠近走廊座位且面对来流方向乘客的热舒适性比在大气压强为101.3和70.7kPa时更接近中性,而坐在靠阴面侧壁座位且背对来流方向乘客的热舒适性比在大气压强为70.7kPa时更接近中性;坐在靠近阳面侧壁座位乘客的热舒适性指标为0.1～0.4,介于中性和稍热之间;而坐在其他座位乘客的热舒适性指标为-1.0～-0.6,介于中性和稍冷之间。由此可推断:大气压强和座位在车厢内的位置是影响车厢内乘客热舒适的主要因素。     

双断级滑行艇阻力性能优化方法

阻力性能是双断级滑行艇水动力性能最为重要的内容之一,本文提出一种基于CFD模拟的优化方法,结合艇底斜升角、断级高度、断级总长等因素对某双断级滑行艇进行了静水阻力优化及试验验证。结果表明:CFD计算值与模型试验结果吻合度较高,各因素对艇体阻力均有较为明显的影响,断级高度和断级总长的增大一定程度地增强了双断级滑行艇的滑行效率。优化研究实现了双断级滑行艇阻力系数R/▽低于0.25的技术指标,验证了基于CFD的优化方法的可靠性。