高海拔电气设备工作特点及设计要求

针对高原气候特点,在分析气候对电气设备工作影响的基础上,从电气绝缘、电器分断性能、电器温升、低温材料的选用、电器的耐低温性、耐电晕、电机绝缘材料温度补偿等方面,对高原电气设备提出了设计要求。     

羊八井一号隧道施工通风及供氧技术

世界屋脊青藏高原第一长隧道———青藏铁路羊八井一号隧道在内燃机械作业、无轨运输条件下,通过对施工通风方案选择、风机的改造、现场通风管理、洞内补氧除尘等的实践,加快了施工进度,为类似高原隧道施工通风供氧提供了一定的借鉴。     

支点高差对多跨钢桁梁落梁施工应力影响分析

为明确拖拉落梁施工时支点高差对钢桁梁杆件应力的影响,以一座多跨简支钢桁梁桥为工程背景,利用MIDAS/Civil软件建立空间模型进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:两跨端部主桁出现支点高差引起的钢桁梁杆件应力呈线性变化;支点高差对钢桁梁端斜杆应力影响最为明显;通过调整钢桁梁首尾端支点高差的方法可实现临时连接水平杆件的零应力拆解;落梁作业时,不同步落梁产生的杆件应力大体呈现线性增加的趋势,其中,对角不同步落梁对杆件应力影响最大。     

一种低成本计轴设备

西门子公司针对中国市场研发了一种低成本计轴设备,计轴主机仅采用1个模块构成,可处理2个室外检测点的信息,给出2个区段的状态。将简要介绍该计轴设备。     

隧道开挖中楔形掏槽施工技术研究

楔形掏槽是斜眼掏槽中较易掌握的掏槽方式,其适用性较强,施工进尺较大,目前凡手持风钻进行爆破开挖的爆破作业,大多采用此方式.楔形掏槽工作方法在实践中有进一步创新,如采用大角度大抵抗线、加大掏槽高度、加大掏槽深度、加大单孔装药量,加大掏槽炮孔同段装药量等,但在应用时需根据地质情况合理加以选用,否则会影响嗣岩稳定性.介绍了楔...     

Modal-split effects of climate change: The effect of low water levels on the competitive position of inland waterway transport in the river Rhine area

Future climate change is expected to affect inland waterway transport in most main natural waterways in Europe. For the river Rhine it is expected that, in summer, more and longer periods with low water levels will occur. In periods of low water levels inland waterway vessels have to reduce their load factors and, as a result, transport prices per tonne will increase. One possible consequence of these higher transport prices is a deterioration of the competitive position of inland waterway transport compared with rail and road transport, and thus a change in modal split. We study this issue using a GIS-based software model called NODUS which provides a tool for the detailed analysis of freight transportation over extensive multimodal networks. We assess the effect of low water levels on the costs of transport operations for inland waterway transport in North West Europe under several climate scenarios. It turns out, that the effect on the modal split is limited. Under the most extreme climate scenario, inland waterway transport would lose about 5.4% of the quantity that is currently being transported annually in the part of the European inland waterway transport market considered. The very dry year of 2003 can be seen as an analogue for this scenario.     

Forecasting the impacts of climate change on inland waterways

Inland waterways are vulnerable to climate change as river navigation depends on water levels. Droughts can severely disrupt inland navigation services by reducing water levels either to completely non-navigable ones or to levels that oblige operators to reduce vessel load. We analyse the impacts of droughts induced by climate change using projections of river discharge data provided by eleven different climate model runs. We consider location specific characteristics by focusing the analysis on four specific locations of the Rhine and the Danube where a substantial part of the total freight activity in the European Union (EU) takes place. For the majority of the cases and scenarios considered, a decrease of the number of low water level days is projected, leading to fewer drought related disruptions in the operation of the inland waterway transport system. Although the uncertainties from the climate projections should not be neglected, the navigation sector could benefit from global warming which means that European inland waterways might be one of the few sectors where climate change can have negligible, or even positive, impact. The average economic benefit, for the cases considered, from the decrease of low water levels by the end of the century is projected to be almost €8million annually.     

考虑刚度退化的铁路低配筋混凝土桥墩抗震评估方法

根据已有试验结果,得到适用于铁路低配筋混凝土桥墩的荷载位移双折线模型.选取4类场地的320条实际地震记录,利用该双折线模型研究4类场地的强度折减系数谱值随桥墩屈服后刚度折减系数变化的规律.结果表明:在考虑桥墩屈服后刚度退化的情况下,强度折减系数谱值随桥墩屈服后刚度折减系数的增大而降低,说明低配筋混凝土桥墩屈服后的刚度退化越大,桥墩对地震的强度需求越大.通过对4类场地强度折减系数谱的统计分析,给出考虑刚度退化的三折线型强度折减系数谱以及据此的铁路低配筋混凝土桥墩抗震评估方法.     

严寒地区水泥乳化沥青砂浆的低温性能及疲劳性能试验研究

运用试验方法,进行严寒地区用水泥乳化沥青砂浆抗冻性、低温力学性能和低温抗裂性的低温性能及疲劳性能研究。结果表明,该种砂浆的抗冻性可达600次以上;随着温度的降低,砂浆的抗压强度、抗折强度逐渐增加,-40℃下砂浆的折压比在0.2以上;砂浆出现裂纹时钢球的压入深度均大于1.2 mm;模拟行车条件下砂浆的受力情况,进行10~40 Hz频率350万次疲劳试验,砂浆的累积变形量均小于0.07 mm。结合试验结果和严寒地区试验段的运营考察,考虑到严寒地区-40℃的极端温度条件和350 km.h-1的运营速度,提出严寒地区水泥乳化沥青砂浆的低温性能指标为-40℃砂浆出现裂纹时钢球的压入深度不小于1.0 mm,低温折压比不小于0.20;疲劳性能指标为12 Hz加载频率下经100万次疲劳试验的砂浆累积变形量不大于0.10 mm。     

无重力测量数据的GPS跨海水准新方法的试验

GPS跨海水准的关键问题是海峡两侧的高程基准不一致，因此无法采用常规的数值拟合方法。新方法从垂线偏差入手，首先采用GPS水准分别测定海峡两侧的地面垂线偏差，再由所求垂线偏差计算跨海峡的高程异常差。10km宽度的跨障碍试验达到了接近二等几何水准的精度。