California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard: Modeling financial least-cost pathways to compliance in Northwest California

The transition to low-carbon transportation fuels plays a key role in ongoing efforts to combat climate change. This analysis seeks to optimize potential alternative fuel portfolios that would lead to a 10% reduction in fuel carbon intensity by 2020 as required under California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS).We present a novel, probabilistic modeling approach for evaluating alternative fuel portfolios based on their marginal greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement costs. Applied to a case study region in Northwest California, our model enables us to quantify the financial cost of GHG reduction via each fuel pathway, as well as for a portfolio deployed to meet the LCFS target. It also enables us to explore the sensitivity of the alternative fuel portfolio, evaluating the impact of fluctuating prices, fuel carbon intensities, and technology penetrations on the makeup of the portfolio and on the average cost of GHG abatement.We find that battery electric vehicles play a critical role, as they offer the lowest-financial-cost significant abatement in almost all plausible scenarios. However, electric vehicles alone will not be sufficient to reach the target; low-carbon biofuels can be expected to play a role in the achievement of 2020 Low Carbon Fuel Standard targets.     

The effect of time on acoustic durability of low noise pavements – The case studies in Poland

The tyre/road noise depends on type and speed of vehicles and on the characteristics of road pavement. Vehicle traffic load and weather conditions lead to significant changes in the characteristics of the materials used to build the wearing course. This applies especially to road pavements with the increased void contents. Clogging of the pores, changes in the characteristics of the binder and the damage to the wearing course influence changes in the acoustic properties of the road pavement over time. The article presents the results of the studies on noise level carried out in 2011 and 2014 by the Statistical Pass-By method (SPB) on porous asphalt concrete (PAC), very thin asphalt concrete (VTAC) and stone mastic asphalt (SMA). The wearing courses with the increased void contents immediately after building constitute a very advantageous solution compared with traditional road pavements (dense asphalt concrete, stone mastic asphalt). However, the unfavourable location of the road with porous wearing course, lack of systematic cleaning of porous layers or inappropriate maintenance methods in winter lead to the loss of the acoustic durability of low-noise pavements within a few years of their exploitation.     

新概念张力腿平台水动力性能分析

张力腿平台对水深具有高度敏感性,随水深变化,垂直面内的运动受到显著影响。对于超深水情况,对张力筋腱的设计提出更高的要求。为了改善这一状况,提出了一种新概念张力腿平台设计方案——Tension Based Tension Leg Platform(TBLP),它可以成倍地增加TLP适用的水深范围。对于已经使用的中等水深下的传统型的TLP,通过增加张力基底,就可以将其使用于更深的海域。针对这一新型TBLP概念,对典型的传统型TLP和TBLP水动力性能进行了初步分析比较,得出TBLP优于常规设计的水动力性能。     

浅水塔架式单点系泊系统低频响应实验研究

浅水中,单点系泊系统可能存在显著的低频运动,低频大幅运动响应会给系泊系统设计带来严重影响,是系泊系统设计的控制因素之一,在水动力性能预报时必须仔细予以考虑。针对HYSY113FPSO单点系泊系统在浅水风浪流条件下的运动性能进行了物理模型试验研究和数值对比,定量分析了低频运动的运动量和产生的原因,所得结论可供今后浅水水域塔架式单点系泊系统设计参考。     

基于磁电复合材料的索力传感器制备及性能试验

针对斜拉桥工程结构高精度、高灵敏、高稳定性的检测要求,设计制备了一种多层磁电复合材料的新型索力传感器。在磁致伸缩材料尺寸最优条件下,运用环氧树脂、银导电胶粘结技术和涂胶厚度控制技术,使Terfenol-D合金与PMN-PT压电晶体、两个电极片与压电晶体均匀粘结固化,制备成层状磁电复合材料。采用漏磁场小、抗干扰好的磁回路结构设计,通过有限元方法获得复合材料驱动磁场和偏置磁场的工作范围。并在拉力试验机上进行了传感器动态性能试验。研究表明,新型索力传感器精度提高1%,响应时间最大减少50%,适合于复杂多变环境下斜拉桥索力的精确可靠检测。     

深海张力腿非线性动力学分析

深海复杂载荷易引发张力腿涡激振动。考虑涡激载荷、流体阻尼力、预张力和平台运动等耦合作用,根据Hamilton原理建立张力腿空间非线性动力学方程,然后采用有限差分法进行数值求解。考虑南海海况,讨论典型张力腿平台动力响应特点,通过研究可为深海平台的设计和安全运行提供技术参考。     

遮帘式板桩码头抗震特性及设计参数研究

板桩码头是港口工程建筑物一种重要的结构形式,但受墙身高度限制,只适用于中小码头建造。遮帘桩的加入,极大地改善了前墙受力,使码头泊位大型深水化成为可能。作为一种新型的结构形式,遮帘式板桩码头抗震特性尚不清楚,地震破坏机理与变形灾变性能是抗震安全设计中需考虑的较复杂的问题。基于非线性有限元分析技术,考虑遮帘桩到前墙间距、遮帘桩长度和遮帘桩厚度等一系列抗震设计参数,研究不同参数时,遮帘式板桩码头前墙残余变形分布特征、墙身以及拉杆受力特性,阐述各设计参数下板桩码头的抗震机理和变形特性,给出各设计参数的合理抗震取值,研究结果为遮帘式板桩码头的抗震安全设计提供参考。     

舰用12脉波整流器直流侧谐波分析

针对现代舰艇直流电网的谐波问题,在分析负载并联的12脉波整流站基本工作原理和理想条件下特征谐波的基础上,采用调制理论和傅里叶分析方法对交流侧电压不对称、触发脉冲间隔不对称和变压器漏感引起的换相问题等非理想条件下,整流系统直流侧输出电流(电压)的谐波情况进行理论分析和仿真验证。计算和仿真结果表明:交流侧电压的不对称和触发脉冲间隔的不对称会导致12脉波整流系统直流侧输出电流(电压)的2,4次等低次非特征谐波显著增多,而考虑变压器漏感引起的换相时,则直流侧输出将含有6 n次谐波分量且其他各次非特征谐波含量和总的谐波畸变率增加很多。     

一种船舶全周期信息集成模型设计

在现代船舶制造领域,对于船舶生命周期数据的共享及研究是对船舶进行跟踪服务管理的重要手段。而传统的对船舶生命周期数据的共享手段实时性能不好,不能够很好的对船舶数据进行直观分析。本文研究了传统的船舶生命周期数据共享技术的优缺点,结合现有的数据共享技术及Web技术,设计了全新的基于WEB的船舶生命周期数据的共享及管理系统,并且设计了通用标志符的展示方法及针对二维数据交换对生命周期数据视图进行映射。     

现场总线技术在铁路低压配电系统的应用

分析论述现场总线技术及配合"组态王"组态软件在北京西客站配电室工程改造项目中的应用实例。由于设备引入数字集成技术,提高了设备的保护、控制和测量功能。所构成的由中央控制室进行监控的数字监控系统,克服了配电室高、低压开关无分合闸显示,控制室无集中监测、报警系统的状况,减少了故障延时,有效地提高了西站配电管理的自动化水平。该系统建成投入运用后表明,系统运行安全可靠,功能强大,各项数据的采集、传输准确,而且系统开放性好,易于扩展,便于维护,使配电系统自动化水平明显提高。