Airline delays,congestion internalization and non-price spillover effects of low cost carrier entry

This paper develops an econometric model of flight delays to investigate the influence of competition and dominance on the incentives of carriers to maintain on-time performance. We consider both the route and the airport levels to inspect the local and global effects of competition, with a unifying framework to test the hypotheses of 1. airport congestion internalization and 2. the market competition-quality relationship in a single econometric model. In particular, we examine the impacts of the entry of low cost carriers (LCC) on the flight delays of incumbent full service carriers in the Brazilian airline industry. The main results indicate a highly significant effect of airport congestion self-internalization in parallel with route-level quality competition. Additionally, the potential competition caused by LCC presence provokes a global effect that suggests the existence of non-price spillovers of the LCC entry to non-entered routes.     

Commuters’ behavior towards upgraded bus services in Greater Beirut: Implications for greenhouse gas emissions,social welfare and transport policy

Climate change is one of the most critical environmental challenges faced in the world today. The transportation sector alone contributes to 22% of carbon emissions, of which 80% are contributed by road transportation. In this paper we investigate the potential private car greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and social welfare gains resulting from upgrading the bus service in the Greater Beirut Area. To this end, a stated preference (SP) survey on mode switching from private car to bus was conducted in this area and analyzed by means of a mixed logit model. We then used the model outputs to simulate aggregate switching behavior in the study area and the attendant welfare and environmental gains and private car GHG emissions reductions under various alternative scenarios of bus service upgrade. We recommend a bundle of realistic bus service improvements in the short term that will result in a reasonable shift to buses and measurable reduction in private car emissions. We argue that such improvements will need to be comprehensive in scope and include both improvements in bus level of service attributes (access/egress time, headway, in-vehicle travel time, and number of transfers) and the provision of amenities, including air-conditioning and Wi-Fi. Moreover, such a service needs to be cheaply priced to achieve reasonably high levels of switching behavior. With a comprehensively overhauled bus service, one would expect that bus ridership would increase for commuting purposes at first, and once the habit for it is formed, for travel purposes other than commuting, hence dramatically broadening the scope of private car GHG emissions reduction. This said, this study demonstrates the limits of focused sectorial policies in targeting and reducing private car GHG emissions, and highlights the need for combining behavioral interventions with other measures, most notably technological innovations, in order for the contribution of this sector to GHG emissions mitigation to be sizable.     

接触网张力影响因素分析与监测装置设计研究

分析了影响接触网张力的相关因素;采用位移传感器,以TMS320F28335处理器为核心,研究了接触网张力监测装置。模拟实验表明：对坠砣位移分辨的监控精度可达到0.1 mm,监测的相对误差小于千分之一,满足现场应用需要。     

张力腿平台的环境荷载及响应

通过对张力腿平台的资料分析和案例模拟研究，概括了张力腿平台的环境荷载，探讨了平均环境荷载、波频荷载、低频荷载和高频荷载对张力腿平台运动的影响，分析了张力腿平台的运动特点，介绍了环境荷载与平台响应计算中所涉及到的关键因素以及世界上通用的设计规范，提出了开展我国深水海域开发研究的建议。     

机车信号邻线干扰问题研究

针对机车运行过程中可能出现的邻线干扰问题,提出一种基于欠采样原理的本线信号低频信息提取法。该方法通过对邻线与本线的混合信号进行频谱分析,确定信号的载频频率成分,进而提取出本线信号的低频信息。实验证明,当邻线信号与本线信号以电流强度3∶1混合时,该方法仍能准确地提取低频信息,具有较高的实时性及频谱分辨率。     

基于静摩擦施力方法的纤维缠绕张力自动控制器研究

介绍了一种先进的纤维张力微机控制系统,该系统能实现缠绕过程中纤维张力的高精度自动控制.通过静摩擦力间接施力方式按照设定张力变化曲线施加和调整缠绕过程的张力,实现了对纤维低磨损下的大张力高精度控制.实际应用证明,该系统稳定可靠,控制性能良好,综合控制精度为±3%,最大可控张力达到纤维强度55%,在高性能民用、军用及航空航天等纤维缠绕制品生产领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

新型多粒度物理帧时槽交换技术

在分析现有的基于DWDM的多粒度交换技术存在问题的基础,提出了一种基于DWDM的、能够保证服务质量的新型的多粒度交换技术———物理帧时槽交换技术(Physical Frame Time slot Switching, PFTS)。文中给出了PFTS的帧结构,对PFTS的工作过程和特点以及PFTS的服务质量保证机制进行了讨论。最后将PFTS与近年文献中报道较多的多粒度光突发数据块交换———OBS(Optic Burst Switching)进行了比较。仿真结果表明:在保证服务质量的前提下,PFTS的信道利用率明显高于OBS。     

具有宽电压调节范围的谐振型变流器

针对传统的变流器中输出电压一般总是低于交流输入电压的状况，提出了一种新型串联谐振直流环节变流器。该变流器在取消直流大电感，并为开关器件提供零电流开关条件的同时，还可以实现变流器输出电压在交流输入电压以上或以下的较宽范围内任意调节，而不受输入电压大小的限制。介绍了电路的工作原理，给出了升压及降压时两组有代表性的试验波形。     

无源滤波器在开关电源设计中的应用

传导性电磁干扰是电气设备开关电源中的主要干扰源,所以电磁兼容性指标已经成为开关电源设计的重要参数。从开关电源的工作原理出发,对开关电源的电磁干扰机理进行分析,研究使用无源滤波技术减少电磁干扰。从实际应用角度对无源滤波器中电容、电感等元件的特性进行了分析,给出了实用电路和元件参数。无源滤波技术在轨道交通空调专用电源上的应用结果表明,使用无源滤波技术对电磁干扰有很好的抑制效果。     

Effect on friction of engine oil seal with engine oil viscosity

Low viscosity engine oil can improve a vehicle’s fuel economy by decreasing the friction between the engine components. Frictional torque varies with the velocity change due to different viscosity characteristics of SAE grade 5W-20, 5W-30 and 5W-40 engine oils. The viscosity for each of these grades was measured to outline the effect low viscosity engine oils have on engine friction, which may lead to improved fuel economy. Engine oil seal frictional torque increases with the shaft rotational speed for all three engine oil grades. A decrease in engine oil seal frictional torque was confirmed when low viscosity engine oil was used. Also, the leak-free performance of the engine oil with the seal satisfied the life limit durability test criteria. Thus, low viscosity engine oil may be used to improve fuel economy by decreasing the frictional loss of the engine oil seal while having no negative impact on performance due to leak-free functioning.