Coastal Crisis: The Failure of Coastal Management in the Spanish Mediterranean Region

It is a fact that coastal zones in the Mediterranean are becoming progressively more seriously degraded. Instrumental to the phenomenon in Spain is the evident failure of the coastal management that the institutions have pursued for over three decades, both under the old, state-centralized model, and the new organizational model with the political division of land into autonomous regions. This failure can in part be explained not only by the inadequate tools the administration possesses to address the dynamism and complexity of the new economic activities that have sprung up along the coast, but also by incoherent sectoral policies. Finally, there has been no all-encompassing political strategy capable of dealing with coastal communities' demands for development and the need for the protection of ecosystems and their natural resources. All this has resulted not only in a deterioration of the area, but also in the discrediting of actions implemented by the institutions, and their plans and programs being perceived as an obstacle to economic development.     

SULZER 6RND76M型柴油机燃油系统的维护与管理

文章通过总结在船工作实践的经验,指出SULZER 6RND76M型船用柴油机燃油系统在日常管理过程中需要注意的事项和易遇到的故障类型,并就对传统的维护管理方法提出了改进建议,具有一定的实践指导意义。     

The Cost of Nutrient Reduction: A Case Study of Chesapeake Bay

Over $3.5 billion were spent toward nutrient controls in the Chesapeake Bay watershed between 1985 and 1996. These expenditures were based on cost-shares between federal, state, local, and private sources and should be considered conservative. A comparison of point and nonpoint nutrient control expenditures in the Bay basin showed that about 50% of the funds were directed toward agricultural best management practices and 45% were allocated for point source nutrient reductions and combined sewer overflows (20% and 25%, respectively). The remainder was spent on various other estuarine-targeted programs. Maryland was responsible for 79% of the total expenditures, 16% was expended by Virginia, and the remainder was attributable to the District of Columbia and Pennsylvania (4% and 1%, respectively). The most costly basin was the Patuxent (over $125 per kilogram of total nitrogen removed) and the least costly was the Eastern Shore of Virginia, where the cost was just under $21 per kilogram of nitrogen removed. For the control practices examined, the analysis found that nutrient management was the least costly. Animal waste control and low tillage were the second and third most economical nutrient management strategies. Significant reductions were achieved from point sources for both total nitrogen (16%) and total phosphorus (53%) by 1996. Virtually all of the large reduction in point source phosphorus was a result of the phosphorus detergent ban implemented basinwide in the late 1980s. Nonpoint source nutrient reductions were more modest. An approximate 12% reduction in phosphorus was accompanied by an 8% reduction in total nitrogen loadings. Despite these nutrient reductions, no significant improvements in bottom-dissolved oxygen levels were detected along the Bay mainstem during the warmer months, and the mouth of Chesapeake Bay showed marginally significant degradation during the 11-year period. It was determined that dissolved oxygen conditions were influenced more by nitrogen than phosphorus reductions and that nutrient controls aimed at the mid-Bay region had the greatest potential for improving low dissolved oxygen conditions in the Bay's bottom waters.     

Integrated Coastal Management in the Philippines: Testing New Paradigms

With fisheries declining, coral reefs battered, mangrove forests under threat, pollution levels rising, and coastal communities experiencing increased poverty, the Philippines faces severe challenges in managing its coastal resources. Coastal management efforts began in the Philippines more than 20 years ago through various community-based projects. Now, integrated coastal management is expanding in the country and holds the potential to reverse the trends. This article analyzes the situation in relation to new approaches for coastal management being undertaken through the Coastal Resource Management Project supported by the United States Agency for International Development implemented by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. This project, drawing on the lessons generated by past and ongoing coastal management initiatives, is emphasizing integrated approaches to management over narrowly focused fisheries management and habitat protection efforts. It highlights the increasingly important role of local governments and the changing roles of national government to effectively support integrated coastal management. Multisectoral collaboration is explained as standard procedure to achieve outcomes that are broad based and sustainable. Local and national level activities are contrasted and shown as essential complements in building institutionalization of resources management within all levels of government. A practical result framework is explained for measuring relative success at the local government level of implementing best practices for coastal management. Finally, lessons being learned related to collaboration, level of focus, education, and communication; who is responsible; and expansion of the project are highlighted.     

引入赢得值法探讨铁路甲供料价差调整

铁路工程材料价差计算是铁路概算清理和合同管理中一项重要工作，自2006年铁道部开始全面实行甲供物资设备供应模式以来，甲供材料设备价差的计算成为一个难点。此文从赢得值法入手，分析材料设备产生价差的原因，对施工单价承包模式和总价承包模式下甲供料价差调整与计算方法进行探讨，提出甲供料价差调整可采用的计算方法。并通过实例计算验证此计算方法的适用性。     

基于PDM船舶初步设计管理系统的开发

为了在船舶初步设计阶段有效积累、管理、共享和使用各种分布的信息数据，本文在国内外相关研究的基础上提出了一种基于PDM的船舶初步设计管理系统，阐述了其体系结构、应用开发过程和相关功能，为实现船舶全生命周期内的产品数据管理打下了基础。     

浅谈船舶建造质量管理的重要性

本文简单介绍了船舶建造过程中从设计、生产中的质量控制、质量管理。贯彻“三控制、两管理、一协调”的基本原则，坚持PDCA循环的质量管理理念，体现质量在船舶建造中的重要作用。     

浅谈高速公路桥梁管理系统外业数据的采集

介绍了桥梁管理系统外业数据采集的过程、方法与步骤。     

企业铁路运输调度自动化管理系统

以连云港综合信息管理系统为实例，介绍了企业铁路物流运输调度自动化管理模式，分析了目前所存在的工作流程问题，并以此为出发点着重讨论了解决此问题的方法。     

基于危机管理的道路交通安全管理模式研究

随着汽车工业的发展，道路交通安全问题已经成为一个危及全球公共安全的问题。针对道路交通安全特性分析，将西方的危机管理理论应用于我国新形势下的道路交通安全管理中，探索交通安全危机管理的新模式，提出构建交通安全危机预警系统的新思路。