基于仿生学的高速列车减阻机理数值模拟

鲨鱼皮的盾鳞形沟槽形状是鲨鱼保持高速前行的关键。将鲨鱼皮表面沟槽结构应用到高速列车领域,采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟了盾鳞形沟槽表面对流动阻力的影响,根据模拟结果计算阻力损失系数,并与光滑表面阻力损失系数进行对比分析,得到不同雷诺数下的沟槽表面减阻能力。根据盾鳞形沟槽表面内流线图分析了沟槽的减阻机理。     

新疆公路网合理规模预测研究

随着新疆经济发展进程的不断推进,新疆公路交通在综合交通运输体系中占有越来越重要的地位。通过对道路功能定位的调整,综合分析规模测算的思路与方法,对未来新疆公路网发展规模进行科学分析、合理预测,以期为自治区公路网规划提供有益参考。     

A translog cost function of the integrated air freight business: The case of FedEx and UPS

This paper analyzes the cost structure of the integrated air freight business by means of a translog cost function. This allows to extend knowledge on the supply side and to examine if strategies of integrators are consistent with cost structure. The cost function is based on quarterly time-series data from 1990 to 2010 for FedEx and UPS. A total and a variable model are estimated. In addition, a static as well as a dynamic approach is followed. We find that integrators exhibit strong scale and density economies in the short and the long term. This result is in line with the aggressive expansion and cooperation strategies pursued by integrators. Our results indicate that the concentration in the integrated air freight industry will continue: a concern for industry actors and regulatory agencies.     

In Search of the Link between Ship Size and Operations

Abstract

Since 1990s the liner shipping industry has faced a period of restructuring and consolidation, and been confronted with a continuing increase in container vessel scale. The impact of these changes is noticeable in trade patterns, cargo handling methods and shipping routes, in short ‘operations’. After listing factors influencing size, growth in container ship size is explained by economies of scale in deploying larger vessels. In order to quantify economies of scale, this paper uses the liner service cash flow model. A novelty in the model is the inclusion of +6000-20-foot Equivalent Unit (TEU) vessels and the distinction in costs between single and twin propeller units on ships. The results illustrate that scale economies have been – and will continue to be – the driving force behind the deployment of larger container vessels. The paper then assesses the link between ship size and operations, given current discussions about the increase in container vessel scale. It is found that (a) ship size and operations are linked; (b) optimal ship size depends on transport segment (deep-sea vs. short-sea shipping, SSS), terminal type (transhipment terminals vs. other terminals), trade lane (East-West vs. North-South trades) and technology; and (c) a ship optimal for one trade can be suboptimal for another.     

《公路桥梁技术状况评定标准》中关于桥梁构件病害评定标度的确定

桥梁构件病害评定标度的确定是《公路桥梁技术状况评定标准》中所有计算的先导及基础.目前行业内的桥梁定期检查人员基本上是按照各自的经验来确定构件病害的评定标度,缺少一定的科学性和严谨性.通过举例说明,总结得出桥梁构件病害评定标度的确定方法,可为桥梁构件病害评定提供一定参考.     

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随着火车票实名制的不断推广,人工核实身份的验票方式已不能满足实际需求,鉴于此本文提出一种基于词包模型的人脸身份认证算法,通过人脸比对自动完成身份核实.首先提取每幅图像的尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)描述子;其次利用词包模型(BOVW)构建人脸的典型特征;随后训练SVM分类器,将同一人不同年龄段的图像作为同一类,针对同一人的类内相似性和不同人的类间差异性进行建模;最后通过SVM分类器分别对旅客图像和其身份证图像进行分类,根据所属类别的一致性判断是否属于同一人.实验结果表明,本算法能有效地进行身份认证,并且针对图像质量较低、光照情况不可控的情况仍可达到比较高的准确率.     

车辆悬挂弹簧故障检测的能量传递特性比较法

利用弹簧刚度对悬挂传递函数的频移特性,提出一种车辆悬挂弹簧故障动态检测的新方法.对悬挂弹簧安装处的车体和构架垂向振动加速度信号分别进行7层谐波小波包分解,计算了8个低尺度的能量,在同一尺度上,将车体和构架的加速度能量相除得到悬挂的尺度能量传递特性,提出相邻时段对应悬挂尺度能量传递特性的比较方法,进行悬挂弹簧的故障检测.检测结果表明:当悬挂弹簧刚度蜕变时,其传递特性向高尺度变化,与检测机理分析得出的传递特性向低频率变化的分析结论一致,同时能够检测刚度蜕变10％的悬挂故障,因此,该方法可靠性高,具有一定的工程适应性.     

弹性分组环缓存容量研究

弹性分组环（RPR）是当前城域网发展的重要方向，是为了满足基于分组的城域网的要求而设计的。为了实现基于优先级区分的业务服务质量，弹性分组环采用了基于优先级区分的队列以及转发机制。与传统的队列延时研究方法不同，弹性分组环中的业务接入以及转发延时与当前网络中的拥塞状况密切相关。本文基于弹性分组环协议，建立了弹性分组环转发缓存和接入缓存的排队模型，对弹性分组环中的业务接入时延以及转发队列时延做了定量的分析计算；进而得到弹性分组环中各类优先级转发及接入缓存所需要的容量；利用仿真工具建立了RPR网络的排队传输模型，并进行了仿真验证。仿真结果和理论分析的结果非常接近，从而验证了所建立排队模型的正确性，能够为网络业务配置提供有效的参考；各级缓存容量的结论已经应用在弹性分组环的专用芯片设计之中。     

高速公路大中修工程设计应注意的几个问题

结合河北省高速公路大中修工程,分析了高速公路路面早期破坏的原因,提出了高速公路大修工程设计方案,着重说明了高速公路大中修设计中应重点考虑的几个问题。     

具有成对有序观测数据的两种诊断过程的比较

利用大样本理论研究了具有成对有序观测数据诊断过程的比较问题.提出了诊断试验的诊断精度不低于传统诊断过程诊断精度的标准及定义,构造了假设检验问题,给出了Score检验统计量,随机模拟取得了满意的结果.