压载水管理系统/方法批准程序综述

文中全面介绍并比较分析了压载水公约和相关导则、文件对压载水管理系统/方法批准程序的要求,对制造商提高压载水管理系统的研发效率、加快申请批准的进程以及提高批准成功率有重要意义;同时,为主管机关完善和理顺相关法律文件、顺利开展型式认可等履约工作提供参考。     

瓦日铁路太行山隧道嶂石岩地貌区水文地质特征研究

瓦日铁路为我国首条30 t轴重的重载铁路,嶂石岩地貌为我国特有的砂岩地貌。以太行山隧道为工程背景,系统分析嶂石岩地貌水文地质特征,并尝试应用不同涌水量预测方法对比分析预测精度,得出嶂石岩地貌区水文地质具二元结构,Ω套谷、宽张裂隙发育,岩溶泉水二次入渗补给等特征;Ω沟口、地形陡峻带、宽张裂隙发育带富水;宽张裂隙不发育区采用补给区修正大气降水入渗法,Ω套谷、宽张裂隙发育区采用补给模数修正地下水动力学法对涌水量进行预测,可信度较高。研究所得结论对嶂石岩地貌区水文地质分析及隧道涌水量预测具一定的参考价值,可供同类工程借鉴。     

水筒中直线涡运动的理论探讨

本文讨论了正方形截面水筒中直线涡的运动。当涡线不位于水筒的轴中心线上时,数值计算指出,它在水筒横截面上的运动轨迹为近似螺旋线。若直线涡位于水简轴中心线附近,则轨迹为一个近似圆。本文详细讨论了水筒轴中心线的直线涡的运动稳定性,其结论是在除零波数外的任意波数扰动下,该涡线总能保持在轴中心线上,运动是稳定的。零波数扰动情况与不在水筒轴中心线上的直线涡运动情况一样,将逐渐偏离水筒轴中心线。     

大型汽动设备动态性能仿真研究

根据气体动力学、热力学、二相流理论建立了大型汽动设备的主系系统数学模型,并编制了计算程序,计算结果与国外相应数据比较吻合度较好,从而为该设备总体设计及分系统设计提供了强有力的理论指导和设计原则。     

某型水缸导轨灌胶工艺可行性研究

本文为解决某型水缸导轨腐蚀问题,提出了导轨灌胶填充设想,根据设想开展了导轨灌胶工艺方案、工艺流程、检测方案等工程应用研究,并进行了验证试验,以验证导轨灌胶填充工艺工程应用的可行性。针对导轨灌胶填充工艺试验中所出现的问题进行了分析,提出后续改进建议,可为水缸导轨防腐工程应用提供参考依据。     

Ni-S电极的制备方法研究

本文探讨了Ni-S电极的制备方法,通过改变电镀时间、电流密度和硫代硫酸钠的浓度,得出Ni-S电极制备的最佳工艺条件。     

Two-dimensional numerical simulation of water splash phenomena with and without surface tension

Two-dimensional numerical analyses were conducted and analyzed to simulate water splash produced by free falling object models starting from the resting position. The equilateral prism-shaped object models were allowed to fall onto the free surface of the water. The moving-particle semi-implicit (MPS) method was used to solve the unsteady Navier-Stokes equation for incompressible fluid flows with and without the surface tension effect. Froude numbers of 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 were used with different model sizes for the entry velocity at the free surface. Splashes obtained by numerical computation closely agreed with the experimental results. The surface tension force, the Froude number, and the Weber number were found in these calculations to play major roles in determining various types of splash shapes. Model size was found to influence splash phenomena, even if the Froude number remained the same. The dependencies on these two nondimensional numbers and the fundamental law of similarity on water splash with and without the surface tension effect were thoroughly investigated in this research. Several two-dimensional numerical simulations are presented in this article to describe the hydrodynamic behaviors of water splash with and without the surface tension effect.     

Effect of freeboard and metacentric height on capsizing probability of purse seiners in irregular beam seas

The probability of capsize of purse seiners in irregular beam seas and the effect of freeboard height and metacentric height on trapped water on the deck was investigated. The aim was to quantify a safety level that can be achieved by direct stability assessment for this type of fishing vessel. The amount of trapped water on deck was numerically estimated using a hydraulic flow assumption. The long-term capsizing probabilities were estimated using a piecewise linear approach together with wave statistics from major Japanese fishing areas. The estimated safety level of capsizing probability was compared with that obtained by the IMO weather criterion and by the water-on-deck criterion of the IMO Torremolinos Convention. Numerical results for four typical Japanese purse seiners indicated that the effect of freeboard, on the amount of trapped water on deck, is more important than that of the metacentric height. Besides the metacentric height and the freeboard, it was shown that the danger of capsizing is a function of the rise of floor. The safety level obtained by the capsizing probability approach is generally higher than that based on the IMO weather criterion. However, the water-on-deck criterion provides a higher safety level than the capsizing probability approach for ships with a low rise of floor.     

几种矿粉指标与沥青胶浆的关联分析

由矿粉和沥青组成的沥青胶浆是沥青混合料最重要的一种组成部分。虽然矿粉的用量在沥青混合料中所占的比重并不大,但在工程实践中经常会因为矿粉种类的改变而导致沥青混合料的路用性能产生很大的变化。本文采用灰色关联分析的方法,针对沥青胶浆的高、低温宏观性能与矿粉几种不同指标的关联度进行分析,得出这几种不同指标对沥青胶浆影响程度的大小关系。在评价沥青胶浆宏观路用性能时,用车辙因子表征胶浆的高温性能,粘度来表征低温性能。从而得出:在矿粉的这几种不同指标中,平均粒径对沥青胶浆的路用性能影响最大,密度其次,随后是0 02mm以下的颗粒含量和矿物组成,影响程度最小的是比表面积。这对于研究和改善沥青胶浆乃至沥青混合料的路用性能具有重要的指导作用。     

道路的防雪与除雪

论述了雪的基本属性以及积雪地带公路与城市道路的防雪和除雪措施与途径。并提出了中国在此领域的研究方向。