Empirical approaches to combining revealed and stated preference data: Some recent developments with reference to urban mode choice

This paper replaces the nested logit ‘trick’ used in estimation of a modal choice model, when stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) data are pooled, with an error component mixed logit model that can (i) relax the IID condition attached to subsets of alternatives in nested logit models, (ii) accommodate correlated observations, and (iii) reveal the relevant scale parameter for subsets of alternatives. Such a model can also incorporate state dependence between data types and preference heterogeneity on observed attributes. An example of choice among bus, train and car modes illustrates the difference in empirical evidence, especially elasticity outputs.     

基于模态分析的发动机齿轮室盖优化设计

某柴油发动机齿轮室盖在试验中振动较大,为解决这一问题,文章采用声学振动测试与CAE模态分析相结合的方法,对齿轮室盖进行优化设计,并进行试验验证。结果证明通过在齿轮室盖薄弱位置处添加加强筋,可以有效提高其固有频率,避开发动机在3600r/min转速下的主要贡献频率,改善齿轮室盖的振动情况。CAE模态分析方法能够有效识别结构件的薄弱区域,通过加强局部刚度,改善振动性能。     

既有铁路桥墩健全度评估和试验方法研究

铁路桥梁检定部门主要依据《铁路桥梁检定规范》对铁路桥墩进行状态评估。由于桥墩在列车激励下的振幅随列车的种类、速度、轴重以及轨道不平顺状态的不同而变化,所以利用振幅指标难以定量判断桥墩的损伤。为此,通过理论分析、数值模拟计算、实验室试验和现场试验,对冲击振动试验法进行系统的研究,提出基于自振频率指标的桥墩健全度评估方法。主要研究内容如下。(1)从理论上给出推导冲击振动试验法的基本原理,编制冲击振动试验信号处理的计算机程序。(2)通过实验室试验和悬臂墩、简支梁、单墩桥梁体系、多墩多梁桥梁体系及空间桁梁模型等数…     

基于模态分析技术的大跨度斜拉桥主梁损伤识别

根据模态曲率的概念,构造结构损伤指标。采用有限元方法,对1座设定主梁不同位置发生损伤的大跨度预应力混凝土斜拉桥进行动力特性分析,利用构造的结构损伤指标对结构损伤进行识别研究。结果表明:结构损伤指标对结构损伤的识别精度与参与计算的模态振型及节点间距有关。应选择在损伤位置振幅较大的模态振型,而避免平衡位置处于损伤位置或附近的模态振型。该方法对结构的早期损伤可进行定性判断,结构损伤指标随结构的早期损伤程度的增大而增大,且增长幅度逐渐变小,当结构损伤达到一定程度后,损伤指标不再增大,而在渐近线附近波动。节点间距在一定范围内增大时,不影响损伤位置的识别,甚至可以确定损伤程度,但可能会反映不出损伤对其临近区域的影响;节点间距过大,可能发生漏判。     

Prediction of fatigue life and estimation of its reliability on the parts of an air suspension system

Air suspension systems have been implemented in various commercial vehicles, such as buses and special purpose trucks, because of the comfortable ride and easy height control. An evaluation of the durability of vehicle parts has been required for service life and safety starting in the early stages of design. The cyclic load applied to the vehicle can cause fatigue failure of parts, such as the suspension frame. This paper presents a method to predict the fatigue life of the suspension frame at the design stage of the air suspension system used in a heavy-duty vehicle. To estimate the fatigue life using the SN method, the Dynamic Stress Time History (DSTH) is necessary for the part of interest. DSTH can be obtained from the results of the flexible body dynamic analysis using the Belgian road simulation and the Modal Stress Recovery (MSR) method. Furthermore, the reliability of the predicted fatigue life can be evaluated by considering the variations in material properties. The probability and distribution of the expected life cycle can be obtained using experimental design with a minimum number of simulations. The advantage of using statistical methods to evaluate the life cycle is the ability to predict replacement time and the probability of failure of mass-produced parts. This paper proposes a rapid and simple method that can be effectively applied to the design of vehicle parts.     

某轿车副车架模态分析

本文通过用Hypemesh11.0进行网格划分,然后用MSC.NASTRAN进对某轿车副车架进行模态分析,以确定冲压横梁结构是否能够达到原液压横梁结构的模态固有频率,为制定工艺方案提供支持,也为以后同类产品的研发提供设计参考。     

基于模态试验和有限元模态分析的转向盘怠速抖动改进

针对某车型怠速工况下转向盘抖动问题,对整车进行了怠速振动试验并对转向盘进行了模态试验,确认转向盘系统与仪表板横梁及横梁与车身连接处的连接刚度不足导致整个转向系统模态下降,从而引起了共振。针对该问题建立了转向系统有限元模型,并根据模态试验结果对模型进行了验证。在该模型基础上对上述连接刚度进行了优化,对优化方案进行试验验证的结果表明该方案有效。     

不同阻尼计算模式对斜拉桥地震响应分析的影响

大跨度斜拉桥阻尼组成复杂,各阶振型的阻尼差别较大。为了研究阻尼计算模式对斜拉桥地震响应分析结果的影响,以主跨448 m的杭州湾跨海大桥北航道桥为对象,对应用考虑结构阻尼分布影响的振型应变能比例阻尼理论、常数阻尼、Rayleigh阻尼理论的适用性进行分析。结果表明,地震响应结果与所用的阻尼理论有关,常数阻尼不能很好反映结构的阻尼特性,而Rayleigh阻尼模式的计算结果取决于选取的参考振型,在较大的频率范围内存在过大或过小估计结构阻尼的问题,具有很大的随意性。相比之下,振型应变能比例阻尼理论能够考虑斜拉桥阻尼的分布特性,比较合理。     

基于ANSYS的半挂车车架动态分析

车架可靠性对整车的安全性有着重要的作用。为了获得车架的动态特性,运用SOLIDWORKS建立某半挂车车架有限元模型,并在ANSYS中对车架做了动载荷、模态、谐响应等动态分析。在分析的基础上为车架的结构改进提供了理论依据。