Modal-split effects of climate change: The effect of low water levels on the competitive position of inland waterway transport in the river Rhine area

Future climate change is expected to affect inland waterway transport in most main natural waterways in Europe. For the river Rhine it is expected that, in summer, more and longer periods with low water levels will occur. In periods of low water levels inland waterway vessels have to reduce their load factors and, as a result, transport prices per tonne will increase. One possible consequence of these higher transport prices is a deterioration of the competitive position of inland waterway transport compared with rail and road transport, and thus a change in modal split. We study this issue using a GIS-based software model called NODUS which provides a tool for the detailed analysis of freight transportation over extensive multimodal networks. We assess the effect of low water levels on the costs of transport operations for inland waterway transport in North West Europe under several climate scenarios. It turns out, that the effect on the modal split is limited. Under the most extreme climate scenario, inland waterway transport would lose about 5.4% of the quantity that is currently being transported annually in the part of the European inland waterway transport market considered. The very dry year of 2003 can be seen as an analogue for this scenario.     

利用激光测振技术对轿车车身进行模态分析

以柱面光束为发射光，采用雪崩管为接收器、宽频频率跟踪器为信号处理装置的激光测速仪，对轿车车身的响应速度进行测量，激光测速仪输出的信号经Ａ／Ｄ转换和ＦＦＴ变换后，可方便地得到频响函数，再经试验模态软件进行分析，从而得到模态参数及其振型数据等。     

轮胎动特性试验模态分析

本文探讨了对轮胎进行模态试验的方法，并对两种不同特性的轮胎进行了两个方向的激振试验，并在每向激振情况下提取了各阶的径向和切向模态振型。对比所获得的模态参数，可看出两种轮胎的模态参数明显地表征了它们的不同宏观特征。     

基于意向调查数据的非集计模型研究

当交通系统中引入新的交通方式时,传统的基于实绩选择调查数据的交通需求预测方法对于方式分担预测将会无效。本文以新交通方式的分担率预测模型为研究对象,提出基于实绩选择调查和假设意向调查组合数据的非集计模型,对模型中各种交通方式的效用函数进行了深入研究,并以东直门至首都机场的轨道交通客流预测为例,进行了参数估计和轨道分担率预测。实例研究表明,模型能够较准确的预测出新交通方式的分担率。     

大型锚机试验台结构设计与力学性能分析

为解决锚机测试设备存在的加载力、测试精度和实时性等问题,本文设计了一种塔架式动载试验台和液压缸式静载试验台相结合的大型锚机试验台,该试验台可进行200吨动载试验和400吨静载试验。针对试验塔架的几何结构,应用ANSYS有限元软件,对试验塔架进行理论强度分析、模态分析及特征值屈曲分析。建立的塔架有限元模型以及计算结果能为同类塔架的设计和优化提供理论依据。     

基于Optistruct对某11m大型全承载式公路客车底架的模态分析

文章主要研究了某11m大型全承载式公路客车底架在Catia中从二维图纸结构到三维实体模型的建立,然后在三维实体模型的基础上在Hepermesh中建立二维板壳单元的有限元模型,再通过Optistruct有限元求解器对有限元模型进行自由模态求解,来对整个底架进行模态分析,并分析前6阶4自由模态来对底架的模态进行评价,以此分析结果来对底架的动态设计提供可靠的依据。通过有限元仿真分析的结果,来验证底架设计的合理性,大大地缩短设计周期,节省一大笔昂贵的实车试验费。因此,对底架进行3D建模以及有限元分析流程,会对底架的设计具有指导作用,即能保证整车设计的合理性,为企业省去大量的人力物力,节约高昂的实验成本,提高设计的工作效率,对企业以及对社会都会产生很好的效益。     

车用永磁同步电机定子总成模态仿真分析研究

文章分析了模态相关的理论并建立了电机定子总成有限元仿真模型,为后续进行有限元仿真奠定了基础。确定好定子铁心的材料属性参数。最后进行了定子总成仿真模态分析,获得定子总成各阶模态的固有频率。     

大型矿用车承载车架的模态试验与结构修改模拟分析

为确定一种大型矿用电动轮自卸车的承载车架的动特性和使其适应承载条件的要求,进行了模态分析试验和结构修改的模拟分析。文中着重阐明了这类重型复杂结构在模态分析试验中应予重视的若干特殊问题的解决方法,如空气弹簧支撑的应用、测量频带的选取和空间模态的获得等。文中结合实例阐明了结构修改模拟的“结构重分析法”,并给出了模态修改的结果。     

Determinants of ground transport modal choice in long-distance trips in Spain

In transport economics, modeling modal choice is a fundamental key for policy makers trying to improve the sustainability of transportation systems. However, existing empirical literature has focused on short-distance travel within urban systems. This paper contributes to the limited number of investigations on mode choice in medium- and long-distance travel. The main objective of this research is to study the impacts of socio-demographic and economic variables, land-use features and trip attributes on long-distance travel mode choice. Using data from 2007 Spanish National Mobility Survey we apply a multilevel multinomial logit model that accounts for the potential problem of spatial heterogeneity in order to explain long-distance travel mode choice. This approach permits us to compute how the probability of choosing among private car, bus and train varies depending on the traveler spatial location at regional level. Results indicate that travelers characteristics, trip features, cost of usage of transport modes and geographical variables have significant impacts on long-distance mode choice.     

Modal analysis of real-time,real world vehicular exhaust emissions under heterogeneous traffic conditions

This study presents the characteristics of real world, real time, on-road vehicular exhaust emission namely, carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emitted under heterogeneous traffic conditions. Field experiments were performed on major category of vehicles in developing countries, i.e. two-wheelers, auto-rickshaws, cars and buses. The on-board monitoring was carried out on different corridors with varying road geometry. Results revealed that the driving cycle was dependent on the road geometry, with two lane mixed flow corridor having lot of short term events compared to that of arterial road. Vehicular emissions during idling and cruising were generally low compared to emissions during acceleration. It was also found that emissions were significantly dependent on short term events such as rapid acceleration and braking during a trip. Also, the standard emission models like COPERT and CMEM under predicted the real world emissions by 30–200% depending upon different driving modes. The on-road emissions measurements were able to capture the emission characteristics during the micro events of real world driving scenarios which were not represented by standard vehicle emission measured at laboratory conditions.