Analysis of disc brake instability due to friction-induced vibration using a distributed parameter model

This paper deals with friction-induced vibration of a disc brake system with a constant friction coefficient. A linear, lumped, and distributed parameter model to represent the floating caliper disc brake system is proposed. The complex eigenvalues are used to investigate the dynamic stability, and, in order to verify simulations which are based on the theoretical model, an experimental modal test and dynamometer test are performed. The comparison of experimental and theoretical results shows good agreement, and the analysis indicates that modal coupling due to friction forces is responsible for disc brake squeal. Also, squeal type instability is investigated, using a parametric analysis. This indicates which parameters have influence on the propensity of brake squealing. This is helpful for validating the analysis model and establishing confidence in the experimental results of the modified system. These results may also be useful during system development or diagnostic analysis.     

考虑温度效应的简支梁桥损伤识别方法研究

基于模态频率的损伤识别方法得到了广泛的应用,而温度往往会掩盖桥梁损伤造成的模态参数变化.通过建立简支梁有限元模型,改变混凝土弹性模量进行模态分析,得出了温度和损伤作用下的简支梁模态频率.结合BP神经网络,对温度影响下的简支梁桥损伤进行了有效识别.     

基于遗传优化神经网络和频率变化平方比的简支梁桥损伤辨识技术

桥梁在其服役过程中容易产生桥体损伤,导致其承载能力下降、使用功能降低。频率参数在实际应用中测试获取容易,是良好的损伤辨识指标。考虑到神经网络技术收敛速度慢等缺点,采用遗传算法对其权值及阈值进行优化获取。采用频率变化平方比参数作为遗传优化神经网络的输入参数,以简支梁桥为数值模拟对象,实现了其损伤位置识别。     

Singapore motorisation restraint and its implications on travel behaviour and urban sustainability

The example of Singapore shows that rapid urban and economic growth does not have to bring traffic congestion and pollution. Singapore has chosen to restrain car traffic demand due to its limited land supply. Transport policy based on balanced development of road and transit infrastructure and restraint of traffic has been consistently implemented for the past 30 years. Combined with land use planning, it resulted in a modern transport system, which is free from major congestion and provides users with different travel alternatives. As the economic growth caused a substantial increase in demand for cars, several pricing policies were introduced with the aim of restraining car ownership and usage. Growth of the vehicle population is now controlled and potentially congested roads are subject to road pricing. These measures help to keep the roads free from major congestion, maintain car share of work trips below 25% and keep the transport energy usage low. Although Singapore conditions are in many aspects unique, its travel demand experience can provide useful lessons for other rapidly growing cities in Asia.

浮置板轨道结构振动模态分析

人们对城市轨道交通所产生的振动及噪声污染问题越来越重视,为此在减振要求特殊地段采用了浮置板轨道结构.而轨道结构的减振性能与其固有频率有关,因此需要对轨道结构的动力特性进行更深入的研究.建立了浮置板轨道系统的振动分析模型,并对浮置板轨道系统进行了模态分析,得到了该系统的振动动力特性(固有频率、振型).     

某新型轻卡转向系统模态对标及优化研究

转向系统模态控制是整车NVH开发的重要内容.文章针对某新型轻卡的怠速方向盘抖动问题,讨论了转向系统有限元模型的准确度影响因素,并与实测的方向盘频响曲线做对比.在模态及应变能分析结果上探讨了模态提升的主要方向,在此基础上优化转向系统主要部件,取得了较好效果.文章提供的转向系统模型对标及优化方法具有指导意义,对类似工程问题...     

大跨度混凝土斜拉桥模态与地震响应分析

文章以某大跨度混凝土斜拉桥为工程背景,采用Midas Civil程序建立了空间分析模型,并采用子空间迭代法对大桥进行模态分析,总结出了该斜拉桥的动力特性。同时通过实际地震波输入,对该结构在地震激励下的时程响应进行了计算分析,探讨了大跨度混凝土斜拉桥的地震反应特点,为大跨度混凝土斜拉桥的设计提供参考。     

基于桥梁基准有限元模型的列车-桥梁空间耦合振动分析

以武汉天兴州公铁两用大桥为研究背景,基于大桥通车前环境振动试验得到的模态识别参数对依据设计图纸建立的桥梁初始有限元模型进行修正,建立反映桥梁真实动力行为的基准有限元模型。基于该基准有限元模型,建立大桥列车—桥梁空间耦合振动方程,采用模态综合法,进行单线行车、双线并行和双线对开工况下的列车—桥梁空间耦合振动分析,并对车辆运行的舒适性和安全性进行评估。结果表明,在上述各工况下,列车通过该桥时,车辆的各项动力学性能指标值均满足规范规定要求,列车行驶的安全性和平稳性均较好;桥梁中跨跨中最大横向位移为1.52 cm,最大竖向位移为10.5 cm,相应的竖向、横向挠跨比分别为1/4 800和1/33 158,均满足铁路桥梁检定规范要求,说明该桥具有足够的横向和竖向刚度。     

钢弹簧浮置板轨道参数研究

针对钢弹簧浮置板轨道参数变化对其动力特性的影响,选取道床板长度、道床板厚度、弹簧刚度、支承间距、扣件刚度5个参数及其不同水平值,进行正交试验,并建立相应的三维有限元模型。采用模态分析方法对钢弹簧浮置板轨道进行动力特性研究,获得了轨道的固有频率和振型,分析其传导比特性。分析结果表明:影响钢弹簧浮置板轨道低阶固有频率的主要参数是支承间距、道床板厚度和弹簧刚度,而影响高阶固有频率的主要参数是道床板长度;无论参数如何改变,钢弹簧浮置板轨道主要以道床板的振动为主;传导比最大峰值出现在基频附近,且随着道床板长度的增加而增大。     

基于滑窗子空间算法的桥梁运营状态预警分析研究

以某典型斜拉桥振动台模型试验为研究背景,采用滑窗技术与数据驱动随机子空间识别算法对桥梁运营状态预警方法进行研究。为实现在时域上对桥梁模态参数进行实时跟踪识别,将滑窗技术引入子空间法,提出一种滑窗子空间模态参数识别方法。而后基于滑窗子空间算法识别结果,参考各国高速铁路桥梁相关规范的状态评价指标,提出基于频率值和频率变化率的铁路桥梁运营状态预警方法,实现铁路桥梁的实时状态评估。运用模型试验各工况下的测试数据,对该模型桥的状态进行实时评估和预警分析,并将状态预警结果与模型桥实际损伤情况进行对比分析,验证所提方法的正确性,该方法可直接应用于桥梁结构的运营状态预警分析中。