西安地铁富水密实性砂层盾构带压换刀技术

为了解决西安地铁土压平衡盾构在富水密实性砂层中带压换刀所面临的土舱不易保压、作业人员进出舱气压控制难和舱内换刀安全风险高等技术难题,对带压进舱换刀技术开展了研究,通过工程实践总结出如下操作要点:1)通过工作压力计算,采取掌子面封闭、保压试验等技术措施使土舱压力趋于稳定,保证土舱压力满足要求;2)人员进舱后以10 kPa/min速率进行加压,人员出舱前以10 kPa/min速率分4个阶段逐渐减压;3)舱内换刀应制定周密的施工计划,刀盘分3次转动完成刀具更换。结果表明,通过以上控制技术,可以满足西安地铁富水密实性砂层盾构带压换刀施工要求。     

武汉三阳路公铁合建越江隧道地铁层排水系统设计

公铁合建越江隧道废水泵房的设置形式直接影响工程的投资和运营安全,是设计的重点和难点。以武汉三阳路公铁合建越江隧道为依托,根据工程特点,将公路层和地铁层的废水泵房分开设置,提出设置体外泵房、选用潜水泵的体内泵房和选用凸轮泵的体内泵房3种地铁层废水泵房设置方案,并从土建影响、水泵选型、检修维护及安全性等方面进行综合比选,最终确定选用凸轮泵的体内泵房方案。该方案利用轨道中间及两侧空间做成3个连通的小集水池,采用凸轮泵代替潜水泵作为一级泵,安装在轨道旁的一级泵房内,不仅能减少下沉集水坑的落深,降低对盾构管片的影响,提高安全性,而且便于水泵的日常检修维护。     

砂性地层土压平衡盾构渣土改良试验研究

土压平衡盾构在砂性地层中施工时,土舱内的土体很难形成塑性流动状态,土舱压力平衡难以建立,易导致开挖面失稳崩塌、排土不顺畅、地表变形过大等影响盾构推进的问题。为确保盾构顺利推进,找出适应于该地层的改良剂及改良参数,对砂性地层土体改良进行研究。针对砂性地层采用添加泡沫剂和膨润土等方法进行改良,分析泡沫半衰期及发泡倍率随泡沫浓度变化的规律,膨润土泥浆黏度及相对密度随泥浆浓度变化规律,找出泡沫剂最优发泡浓度及膨润土最佳浓度,通过坍落度试验确定改良剂注入比,通过现场掘进试验分析改良效果,研究出适用于砂性地层的渣土改良方案。     

Measuring vulnerability of urban metro network from line operation perspective

Urban metro systems are subject to recurring service disruption for various reasons, such as mechanical or electrical failure, adverse weather, or other accidents. In recent years, studies on metro networks have attracted increasing attention because the consequence of operational accidents is barely affordable. This study proposes to measure the metro network vulnerability from the perspective of line operation by taking the Shanghai metro network as a case study. As opposed to previous studies that focused largely on disruption of important nodes or links, this study investigates the disruption from the line operation perspective. Betweenness centrality (BC) and passenger betweenness centrality (PBC), number of missed trips, weighted average path length, and weighted global efficiency were analyzed considering relative disruption probability of each line. Passenger flow distribution and re-distribution were simulated for different disruption scenarios based on all-or-nothing assignment rule. The results indicate that the metro lines carrying a large number of passengers generally have a significant impact on the network vulnerability. The lines with circular topological form also have a significant influence on passenger flow re-distribution in case of a disruption. The results of this study provide suggestions on metro system administration for potential improvement of the performance of operation, and passengers may meanwhile have an improved alternate plan for their commute trip when a disruption occurs.     

地铁车辆电子地图控制板检测方法探索

为了降低地铁车辆电子地图控制板检测难度、提高检测效率,提出一套系统的检测方法。首先,按照配置检测资源、绘制图纸和检查外观的步骤,做好检测前准备工作。然后,按照电源电路、通信电路、单片机及其外围电路、驱动电路的顺序检测电子地图控制板,便于快速查找故障,准确定位故障点。这种检测方法对于其他类型集成电路板检测也具有借鉴意义。     

Estimating metro passengers’ path choices by combining self-reported revealed preference and smart card data

With the help of automated fare collection systems in the metro network, more and more smart card (SC) data has been widely accumulated, which includes abundant information (i.e., Big Data). However, its inability to record passengers’ transfer information and factors affecting passengers’ travel behaviors (e.g., socio-demographics) limits further potential applications. In contrast, self-reported Revealed Preference (RP) data can be collected via questionnaire surveys to include those factors; however, its sample size is usually very small in comparison to SC data. The purpose of this study is to propose a new set of approaches of estimating metro passengers’ path choices by combining self-reported RP and SC data. These approaches have the following attractive features. The most important feature is to jointly estimate these two data sets based on a nested model structure with a balance parameter by accommodating different scales of the two data sets. The second feature is that a path choice model is built to incorporate stochastic travel time budget and latent individual risk-averse attitude toward travel time variations, where the former is derived from the latter and the latter is further represented based on a latent variable model with observed individual socio-demographics. The third feature is that an algorithm of combining the two types of data is developed by integrating an Expectation-Maximization algorithm and a nested logit model estimation method. The above-proposed approaches are examined based on data from Guangzhou Metro, China. The results show the superiority of combined data over single data source in terms of both estimation and forecasting performance.     

无线互联互通技术在地铁通信中的应用

介绍地铁集群通信中不同线路之间无线通信设备实现互联互通的几种方案,以及各种方案的硬件连接、数据配置特点,并结合实际运营情况对各种方案的优势与不足进行对比.同时,对无线互联互通中的几个重要配置参数进行描述,避免在实际的应用中由于此类参数配置不当给网络带来不良影响.     

地铁车站循环冷却水系统节能节水方案优化研究

根据地铁车站的特点,结合多年的建设及运营经验,对地铁车站循环冷却水系统的特点和需求进行分析,从系统形式、水处理方案和水泵等多方面进行考虑,提出一整套的循环冷却水系统节能节水优化方案,同时结合复八线某站循环冷却水系统改造实例,论证优化方案的节能节水效果。     

天津地铁工程采用1.5m盾构管片的探讨

国内在建城市地铁工程地下区间段大部分采用盾构法施工,随着盾构隧道施工技术的不断成熟和进步,盾构管片形式及分块也趋于多样化。此文以天津地铁4号线设计为例,从管片受力、推进速度、工程造价等方面对1.5m环宽与1.2m环宽盾构管片进行比较和探讨,得出1.5m环宽管片在天津地铁建设中具有更大的推广价值、可行性更高这一结论。     

西安地铁2号线车站建筑设计分析

结合西安地铁2号线车站的设计及使用情况,对车站建筑设计的站位选择、换乘车站的换乘方式、车站空间开发模式、站内装修设计等方面进行设计分析、归纳总结。提出车站站位的设置应以人为本,以方便乘客、便捷换乘作为首要选择;换乘组织形式要综合分析论证,力求换乘距离最短,同时避免出现客流交通瓶颈;车站的综合开发方案应结合规划及客流需求提前进行研究策划,实现同步设计,同步使用;车站建筑装修设计应因地制宜,达到实用功能与审美功能的统一。