控制测量的误差分析与处理

以目前广泛应用于施工的测量仪器全站仪为例进行控制测量的误差分析与处理.     

轮对跑合试验台计算机测控系统的研究与研发

针对中国铁路的不断提速,为了提高我国机车和客车走行部的测控手段,研制一种轮对跑合试验台计算机测控系统.通过控制不同的加裁力和跑合速度,测量其振动和温升情况,对轮对的修造质量和安装质量进行有效的综合评判.     

内燃机车油耗计量及分析系统的研究与实现

通过机车燃油消耗现状的分析,研究内燃机车油耗计量及分析系统的实现方法.     

船用柴油机智能报警监控系统的设计

  目的  船舶轴系监测系统具有监控对象多、测试数据量大和存储空间需求大等特点,如果存储方案不合理,数据未预先统计和分类存储,会导致数据不便于检索、计算和分析。为此,提出针对测试数据的批量统计特征数据及分表存储的方法。  方法  在现有数据库的基础上,设计时间序列特征数据表和汇总表,以及统计测试数据的均值、极值、标准差、偏度等的流程;采用仿真对比,选择均值和偏度作为特征向量;通过DBSCAN聚类设计传感器数据异常识别算法,验证对传感器系统异常数据的识别效果。  结果  结果表明,所提方法对异常数据的识别效果较好,  结论  可适用于实际测试系统的特征数据提取。     

A bi-objective dynamic programming approach for airline green fleet planning

Ensuring a fleet of green aircraft is a basic step in mitigating aviation pollution issues that are expected to be worsen in the coming years due to rapid air traffic growth. This study proposed a novel methodology in green fleet planning in which both profit and green performance of airline are considered simultaneously and explicitly. To do this, a Green Fleet Index (GFI) is derived as an indicator to quantify the green performance of airline’s fleet. It measures the degree of airline compliance with a standard requirement in terms of emission, noise, and fuel consumption. A bi-objective dynamic programming model is then formulated to find optimal aircraft acquisition (lease or purchase) decision by minimizing GFI and maximizing profit. Several interesting results are obtained: (1) considering environmental issue as secondary objective yields a greener fleet; (2) airline’s profit is affected, but could be recovered from environmental cost savings; (3) increasing load factor is an effective operational improvement strategy to enhance airline’s green performance and raise profit level. It is anticipated that the framework developed in this study could assist airlines to make a smart decision when considering the need to be green.     

Air traffic assignment to reduce population noise exposure using activity-based approach

Aircraft noise has been regarded as one of the major environmental issues related to air transport. Many airports have introduced a variety of measures to reduce its impact. Several air traffic assignment strategies have been proposed in order to allocate noise more wisely. Even though each decision regarding the assignment of aircraft to routes should consider population exposure to noise, none of the air traffic assignment strategies has addressed daily migrations of population and number of people exposed to noise. The aim of this research is to develop a mathematical model and a heuristic algorithm that could assign aircraft to departure and arrival routes so that number of people exposed to noise is as low as possible, taking into account temporal and spatial variations in population in an airport’s vicinity. The approach was demonstrated on Belgrade airport to show the benefits of the proposed model. Numerical example showed that population exposure to noise could be reduced significantly by applying the proposed air traffic assignment model. As a consequence of the proposed air traffic assignment, overall fuel consumption increased by less than 1%.     

Hierarchal assessment of noise pollution in urban areas – A case study

Noise pollution in urban areas has many harmful effects on the citizens. There are varieties of noise generation sources of which the traffic noise could be a major source. The point which is perhaps less noticed is that sound level is not the only parameter to indicate the extent and intensity of noise pollution. Situation of urban land uses, distribution of population centers and types of passages can deeply affect the concern on this environmental issue but not with a similar ratio. This article presents an overlaying technique to define noise prone areas using all different factors involved. A case study was carried out in the District 14 of Tehran Metropolitan City where there are busy streets and highways. For this purpose, the share of each criterion in noise pollution intensity was determined using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Afterwards, the map layers were overlaid based upon the relative importance of the criteria to get the final map on which the noise prone areas are specified. The developed method could be used as a tool for indirect estimation of noise pollution by which instead of direct measurement of the equivalent sound level, it would be possible to predict noise susceptible areas considering the most important influential factors.     

Urban road traffic noise spatiotemporal distribution mapping using multisource data

Many residents are disturbed by road traffic noise which needs to be controlled and managed. The noise map is a helpful and important tool for noise management and acoustical planning in urban areas. However, the static noise map is not sufficient for evaluating noise annoyance at different temporal periods. It is necessary to develop the dynamic noise map or the noise spatiotemporal distribution. In this study, a method about urban road traffic noise spatiotemporal distribution mapping is proposed to obtain the representative road traffic noise maps of different periods. This method relies on the proposed noise spatiotemporal distribution model with two time-dependent variables - traffic density and traffic speed, and the spatiotemporal characteristics derived from multisource data. There are three steps in the method. First, the urban road traffic noise spatiotemporal distribution model is derived from the law of sound propagation. Then, the temporal characteristics are extracted from traffic flow detecting data and E-map road segment speed data by the outlier detection analysis. Finally, the noise distributions corresponding to different periods are calculated by an efficient algorithm which can save 90% above of the computing time. Moreover, a validation experiment was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. There is only 2.26-dB[A] mean absolute error that is within an acceptable range, which shows that the method is effective.     

汽车变速器噪声预估的研究

本文利用边界元和声强测量技术对变速器的辐射噪声进行了预估计算，并导出了辐射噪声和模态参数间的数学关系，利用此关系对变速器的辐射噪声进行了预估，文中最后叙述了用声强测量数据与上述两种预估数据的比较，实测与预估还是比较吻合的，这就为噪声预估提供了一种新的方法。     

市话用户线路承载ADSL业务的分析

介绍了ADSL宽带接入网技术,分析了影响铜线电缆开展ADSL业务的一些性能参数指标,对ADSL线路开通与维护提出一些建议。