建筑工程成本管理中容易存在的问题

通过概述“成本管理缺乏市场观念”等八个问题,从而引出了克服成本管理问题的详尽对策。遵循提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方式,从观念、体制、管理手段等不同角度入手,对成本管理中容易出现的问题进行层层剖析、逐一解析。认为企业的生存与发展离不开成本的控制管理,其意义在于使成本管理更科学化、系统化,使企业的工程建设项目成本管理更加行之有效,以满足企业参与市场竞争的需要。     

A reliability-based assignment method for railway networks with heterogeneous passengers

Travel reliability can play an important role in shaping travelers’ route choice behavior. This paper develops a railway passenger assignment method to capture the reliability-based route choices, where the trains can have stochastic delays. The overall travel reliability has two components: the travel time reliability (of trains) and the associated transfer reliability (of connections). In this context, mean-and-variance-based effective travel cost is adopted to model passengers’ evaluation of different travel options in the railway network. Moreover, passengers are heterogeneous as they may evaluate the effective travel cost differently, and they may have different requirements for the successful transfer probability (if transfers are involved in the trip). The determination of travel time reliability (of trains) is based on the travel delay distribution, and the successful transfer probability is calculated based on the delay probabilities of two trains in the transfer process. An algorithm has been designed for solving the model, and numerical examples are presented to test and illustrate the model.     

公路施工企业降低生产成本提高经济效益的对策

文章分析公路施工企业生产成本高利润率低的现状及成因,针对当前的市场环境,提出公路施工企业降低生产成本,提高经济效益的六大对策,论证提高企业管理能力和核心竞争力是改变现状的根本办法。     

公路水毁处治方案

今年辽宁省受台风等极端天气影响,有些公路局部路段出现较严重的水毁现象。就水毁路段的现状、处治方案及今后设计、施工中应注意的问题进行论述。     

Rebound effects in UK road freight transport

This paper analyses aggregate time-series data to estimate the direct rebound effect in UK road freight over the period 1970–2014. We investigate 25 different model specifications, conduct a comprehensive set of diagnostic tests to evaluate the robustness of these specifications and estimate the rebound effect using three different elasticities. Using the mean of the statistically significant estimates from these specifications, we estimate a direct rebound effect of 61% - which is larger than previous estimates in the literature and almost twice as large as the consensus estimate of direct rebound effects in road passenger transport. Using the mean of the estimates from our most robust models, we estimate a slightly lower direct rebound effect of 49%. Our estimates are fairly consistent between different model specifications and different metrics, although individual estimates range from 21% to 137%. We also find that an increasing proportion of UK road freight is being undertaken by foreign registered vehicles, and that increases in the vehicle weight limits have encouraged more freight activity. We highlight the significant limitations imposed by the use of aggregate time series data and recommend that further studies in this area employ data from vehicle use surveys.     

船舶企业成本控制模式研究

文章分析了船舶企业成本控制的现状,提出了双重成本控制标准管理模式和推行双重成本控制标准的策略。     

道路工程SOM-RBF神经网络估价模型研究

研究从道路工程全生命周期造价的角度,运用自适应(SOM)和径向基(RBF)神经网络的模型与全生命显著性造价(WLCS)结合的预测模型对已完工程造价信息进行数据挖掘,估算工程造价。建立WLCS模型并分析计算。运用自组织SOM网络对WLCS模型分析结果进行特征抽取,验证其对类似工程的确定。在此基础上,运用基于自组织RBF网络对投资估算进行预测。结果表明,WLCS应用可以减少造价估算的工作量,SOM网络可以对道路工程的显著性成本项目(CSIs)造价数据进行特征提取,WLCS的SOM-RBF网络模型减少了估价计算量,并提高了估价精度。本研究成果适用于道路工程造价管理研究和应用领域。     

基于RBF神经网络的全船结构载荷平衡调整方法研究

在全船结构有限元直接计算过程中,各计算工况下施加在模型中的外载荷必须处于平衡状态,否则会得到错误的计算结果。本文基于RBF神经网络提出一种全船结构载荷平衡调整计算方法,通过不同载况下重力的合力与合力矩计算船舶平衡状态下的吃水、纵倾角和横倾角;在PATRAN中使用PCL（PATRAN Command Language）编制了辅助计算插件,使用MATLAB神经网络工具箱实现平衡浮态的自动计算。并以3条典型船舶在静水、迎浪中拱、迎浪中垂等工况下的载荷平衡调整为例,验证本方法的正确性。     

孔压静力触探数据与黏性土不排水抗剪强度的相关性分析

利用孔压静力触探（CPTU）数据可解译黏性土的不排水抗剪强度,而采用不同试验方法测定的黏性土不排水抗剪强度并非固定值。通过对比分析,得出CPTU数据与不同试验方法(包括直剪试验、固快试验、不固结不排水三轴压缩试验等方法)得出的细粒土不排水抗剪强度的相关关系。结果表明,不同试验得出的黏性土不排水抗剪强度与CPTU数据具有非常好的相关性;对于不同试验得出来的抗剪强度需要采用不同的系数Nkt进行换算。     

基于BIM应用的水运工程建设项目造价管理*

传统水运工程设计中二维图纸无法直观统计工程量和指导施工,而采用BIM技术可以实现设计的协同共享、碰撞检查及工程量统计,其建模过程与BIM模型的信息集成适用于造价管理中的各个阶段。依托湘江二级航道二期工程中大源渡航电枢纽二线船闸开展三维实景及水工建筑物的BIM建模,应用BIM技术复核工程量,使造价师从繁琐的计算工作中解脱出来,对水运工程建设项目造价综合管理具有较大的社会价值。