Real-world gaseous and particle emissions of a Bi-fuel gasoline/CNG Euro 6 passenger car

The objective of the present study is the assessment of the environmental impact of a bivalent (bi-fuel) vehicle, running either on gasoline or compressed natural gas (CNG). To that aim, a Euro 6 passenger car was tested under various real-world driving conditions. In order to cover the full range of conventional powertrains currently in the market, the tests were also repeated on a Euro 6 diesel passenger car. Both cars were driven in two routes, the first complying with the regulation limits and the second going beyond them. Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particle number (PN) emissions were recorded using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Apart from the aggregated emission levels, in g/km, the exact emission location along the route was also assessed. Natural gas proved beneficial for CO and PN emissions, the level of which always remained below the respective legislation limits. On the other hand, under the dynamic driving conditions with gasoline, the relevant limits were exceeded. Cold start, occurring at the beginning of the urban part, and motorway driving were identified as major contributors to total emissions, especially in gasoline mode. However, the application of natural gas was associated with a penalty in NO_x emissions, which were significantly increased as compared to gasoline. Local peaks within the urban part were identified in CNG mode. In any case, the diesel vehicle was by far the highest NO_x emitter.     

出租车PEMS与VMAS排放测试比较

以1辆LPG出租车为研究对象,研究PEMS排放测试与VMAS排放测试的差异性与相关性,在转鼓试验台上按IG195简易瞬态工况运行,分别采用VMAS与PEMS排放测试系统进行CO,HC与NOx排放测试.对排放速率、排放因子测试结果进行对比分析,发现两种测试方法下对应工况排放值的变化趋势相同;两者测试原理不同,PEMS测得...     

EMS和PEMS磁浮系统斩波器研究

结合纯电磁型磁悬浮和永磁电磁混合型磁悬浮的原理,研究各自斩波器主电路,通过理论分析,研究斩波器单个控制周期以及相对长时间的工作过程,指出PWM(Pulse Modulator Module)占空比对相对长时间内电流变化速度的影响,并推导出稳态电流与PWM占空比的关系式;分析如何选择控制周期的合理值,使斩波器工作在良好状...     

基于PEMS的混合动力客车发动机启动/停止对排放影响的研究

在中国典型城市公交循环工况下,采用车载排放测试技术,以纯柴油模式的怠速排放水平作为比较基准,对某一大型混合动力客车发动机的启动/停止(S/S)对排放特性的影响进行了研究.试验结果表明:从排放总量上看,混合动力汽车的HC、CO、NO_x、CO_2和PM的排放量都比纯柴油模式低;而混合动力模式S/S阶段的HC、CO和NO_x的排放量要比纯柴油模式怠速排放量低;但是PM排放量相反,混合动力发动机在启动和停止时都出现排放峰值;从控制PM排放量来说,该混合动力客车停机时间应长于7s.     

混合动力车与传统汽油车的排放对比试验研究

利用便携式排放检测系统(PEMS)技术,对混合动力车PRIUS和传统汽油车远舰进行了市区道路的实时检测实验,分析了PRIUS和远舰在怠速、匀速、加速、减速各种工况下,拥堵和非拥堵路段,以及上、下坡路段上的不同油耗和排放特性。实验结果表明,在整个市区测试循环中,PRIUS的油耗为远舰车的62.6%,各排放均低于远舰的1/3;PRIUS在怠速工况下的排放贡献率几乎为零;PRIUS在拥堵路段和非拥堵路段上的油耗分别为远舰车的55.1%和87.4%,在拥堵路上的各排放均低于远舰车的1/4;远舰车在拥堵路上的各排放均明显增大,是非拥堵路段上各排放因子的1.45~2.38倍,而PRIUS在拥堵路段上的排放没有显著增加;PRIUS和远舰在下坡路段上排放均有十分明显的下降。     

Real-world gaseous emission characteristics of Euro 6b light-duty gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles

To accurately investigate vehicle emissions that have become major contributors to global air pollutants and greenhouse gases, test conditions have been transferred from laboratory type approval test cycles to real-world driving conditions. In this study, the real-world driving emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THC), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) from one gasoline and two diesel Euro 6b light-duty passenger vehicles were investigated by a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) in Lyon, France. NO_x and CO₂ emission controls remain critical to addressing the real-world driving emissions of Euro 6b vehicles. Notably, the tested gasoline vehicle emitted higher CO₂ emissions than diesel vehicles on all types of roads, especially on the urban road with an excess of 29.3–48.3%. The highest emission factors of gaseous pollutants generally occurred on the motorway for the gasoline vehicle, while on the urban road for diesel vehicles. In particular, for high-speed driving conditions, the gasoline vehicle gaseous emissions, especially NO_x emissions, were more affected by acceleration than diesel vehicle emissions. In addition, the CO emissions, especially THC emissions, for the gasoline vehicle, were more influenced by warm-start, especially cold-start, than those for diesel vehicles.     

基于PEMS技术的重型柴油客车排放实测与IVE模型预测对比分析

利用先进的尾气检测技术(PEMS)收集了重型柴油客车的逐秒排放数据,并分析了CO、HC、NOx、PM等排放物与机动车比功率(VSP)的关系,发现当VSP值小于O时,各污染物排放速率较小;当VSP值大于O时,随VSP值增大而显著提高.在此基础上,利用IVE模型对重型柴油客车的整体排放以及不同速度下排放进行预测,并将结果与实测值、国Ⅱ标准进行了对比分析.结果表明,车辆在低速行驶时污染物排放较为严重,进入中高速行驶状态后排放明显下降;相比拥堵多发的路段,IVE模型更适用于预测运行较为通畅的路段上的污染物排放.