Efficient estimation of extreme non-linear roll motions using the first-order reliability method (FORM)

In on-board decision support systems, efficient procedures are needed for real-time estimation of the maximum ship responses to be expected within the next few hours, given online information on the sea state and user-defined ranges of possible headings and speeds. For linear responses, standard frequency domain methods can be applied. For non-linear responses, as exhibited by the roll motion, standard methods such as direct time domain simulations are not feasible due to the required computational time. However, the statistical distribution of non-linear ship responses can be estimated very accurately using the first-order reliability method (FORM), which is well known from structural reliability problems. To illustrate the proposed procedure, the roll motion was modelled by a simplified non-linear procedure taking into account non-linear hydrodynamic damping, time-varying restoring and wave excitation moments, and the heave acceleration. Resonance excitation, parametric roll, and forced roll were all included in the model, albeit with some simplifications. The result is the mean out-crossing rate of the roll angle together with the most probable wave scenarios (critical wave episodes), leading to user-specified specific maximum roll angles. The procedure is computationally very effective and can thus be applied to real-time determination of ship-specific combinations of heading and speed to be avoided in the actual sea state.     

Stress concentration factors in tubular T/Y-connections reinforced with FRP under in-plane bending load

Stress concentration factors (SCFs) in steel tubular T/Y-connections strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) are investigated. In the first step, a finite element (FE) model was developed and verified using data of several available experimental tests and empirical formulas. After that, 134 FE models of T/Y-joints with and without FRP were created and analyzed under in-plane bending (IPB) load. In the FE models, the contact between the FRP layers and the members (chord, brace, and weld) was defined. Results showed that the increase of the FRP layer number leads to the notable decrease of the SCFs. Also, the SCFs of a T/Y-joint reinforced with FRP can be down to 40% of the SCF of the corresponding unreinforced joint. Finally, FE results were used to propose two parametric formulas for determining the SCFs in the T/Y-joints strengthened with FRP subjected to IPB load. The proposed formulas were checked according to the UK Department of Energy acceptance criteria.     

钢筋混凝土箱梁横向受力有效分布宽度的弹性分析

在考虑钢筋混凝土箱梁整体变形的基础上，用空间有限元分析程序对箱梁顶板、翼缘板在轮胎荷载作用下的横向受力进行了系统的参数分析，通过回归分析得出箱梁在变截面参数下行车道板的横向弯矩与横向受力分布宽度经验计算公式，并将经验值与有限元值及我国现行桥梁规范值(JTJ023～85)进行了比较。     

高速磁浮列车头型多目标气动优化设计

针对常温常导高速磁浮列车头型的几何特点,将其分为流线型和设备舱2个部分,采用改进的VMF参数化方法和曲面离散方法,分别进行参数化设计;对提取的12个设计参数,结合计算流体力学方法、支持向量机模型和多目标粒子群算法,以整车气动阻力系数和尾车气动升力系数为优化目标,以头车气动升力系数为约束条件,进行高速磁浮列车头型多目标气...     

Stress concentration factors of multi-planar tubular KT-joints subjected to in-plane bending moments

Numerical research on the stress concentration factors (SCFs) in uniplanar tubular joints is abundantly reported in literature. However, it has been shown that SCF equations for uniplanar joints can lead to both under- or overestimation of the SCFs in multi-planar joints. In this paper, a parametric finite element study of 81 different three-planar KT joints subjected to five different in-plane bending loading conditions is performed. The effects of different non-dimensional geometrical parameters on the SCF values at the crown locations of the central and outer braces are studied. Based on nonlinear regression analyses of the finite element results, a new set of SCF equations is developed and presented.     

SCFs in tubular X-joints retrofitted with FRP under out-of-plane bending moment

This paper presents a parametric study on the stress concentration factors (SCFs) on the chord member in tubular X-connections reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) under out-of-plane bending moment. For this aim, a FE model was generated and validated using several available experimental tests. After that, a set of 276 FE models was created to evaluate the effect of the FRP (layer number, orientation, and material) and joint geometry (γ, τ, and β) on the SCFs. In these FE models, the contact between the FRP sheets and the steel members (chord, weld, and braces) was modeled. Results indicated that the rise of the FRP laminate number causes a notable drop of the SCFs, especially in the connections with big γ. Moreover, the increment of the elastic modulus of FRP along the fibers causes a notable decrease of the SCF. Results showed that, for certain geometrical parameters set, the SCF in an X-connection retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) can be down to 23% of the SCF in the associated un-retrofitted connection. Despite the notable efficacy of the FRP sheets on the drop of the SCFs in the X-connections, there is not any study or equation on the X-connections with FRP. Therefore, an equation was proposed for quantifying the SCFs in the X-connections with FRP.     

壁厚所致几何不连续性对卷管法安装管道的影响

对于深水管道,止屈器起到了很好的防止屈曲传播的作用,但是在卷管法安装中,管道在上卷和退卷的过程中将产生塑性变形,而由于止屈器导致的管道壁厚几何不连续性将使局部管段的变形增大,可能加剧塑性变形的影响。针对这个问题,建立ABAQUS非线性有限元模型模拟管道安装过程,研究上述问题对卷管铺管中管道性能的影响并作参数敏感性分析。结果表明,壁厚所致几何不连续性的存在导致卷管安装时管道局部曲率及应变明显增大;回拉力、管径与卷筒直径之比及管道壁厚等参数也将产生影响。另外,增加回拉力可降低上述不连续性的影响,但管道残余椭圆度也将增加;增大卷筒半径（或减小管道直径）将使不连续性的影响降低;增大管道壁厚可降低不连续性影响,但随之建造成本也将增加。本文研究结论可为卷管法安装中管道设计提供理论指导。     

手伸及性参数化及本地化校核方面的研究

汽车开发设计中人机工程主要研究使用者、作业者及A/S维护人员等的"人-车-环境"关系,力求整体"人-车-环境系统"的性能达到最优状态,从而给人创建安全、健康、舒适、高效的环境。本文介绍的手伸及性是人机工程中评价操作性的重要指标,是整车总布置设计的重要的一部分。为提高人机工程设计的实效性,基于SAE[1]-[2]和CATIA构建参数化模型,通过更新手伸及性相关的参数,以获取新的手伸及界面,从而有效提高整车开发质量,缩短总布置设计及校核的周期;同时为确保车辆开发设计所引用手伸及界面更符合本地化需求,提出一种评价手伸及性、量化分析并构建手伸及界面的全新理论。     

Nonlinear analysis of parametric rolling in longitudinal and quartering seas with realistic modeling of roll-restoring moment

Parametric rolling of a containership in longitudinal and quartering seas is examined by applying nonlinear dynamics to a 1DOF mathematical model with realistic modeling of the wave effect on roll-restoring moment. In our previous work, we confirmed that a mathematical model with a roll-restoring moment in waves calculated with the Froude–Krylov assumption could considerably overestimate the danger of capsizing associated with parametric rolling. Therefore, in the present work, all numerical calculations based on nonlinear analysis were carried out with the direct aid of a measured roll-restoring moment in waves. For this purpose, captive model experiments were conducted for various sets of wavelengths in longitudinal seas. This experiment demonstrates that the Froude–Krylov prediction could not explain the wavelength effect on restoring moment as the wave-steepness effect. Using the numerical model with the aid of this measured roll-restoring moment, the Poincaré mapping technique was applied to identify bifurcation structures of roll motions not only in longitudinal seas, but also in quartering seas. As a result, it was confirmed that capsizing associated with parametric rolling is more likely to occur in following seas than in quartering seas. However, period-doubling and chaos appeared in quartering seas. Finally, an averaging method assuming a period-2 orbit was applied to the same model with the same conditions as the Poincaré map. Reasonably good agreement was obtained between the numerical results with a Poincaré map and those with the averaging method in longitudinal seas, but the averaging method has limited capability in quartering seas.     

接触网设计平台及基础数据库系统的设计与实现

铁路勘察设计电气化接触网专业在设计过程中,涉及专业、人员、数据量众多。为提高不同专业间协同设计及具体区间辅助设计效率,确保项目流程的可追溯性,实现多专业数据共享,特开发了接触网设计平台及基础数据库系统。通过对电气化接触网专业业务流程的分析,设计项目管理流程,结合短信提醒与中心数据库管理技术,实现了项目流程的管理、监控与数据共享。从接触网辅助设计的数据获取,中期数据处理、工程设计约束及工程数量统计等方面进行分析、归纳和简化,采用参数化的设计方法,建立了对应辅助设计子系统的数学模型,并采用"用户-角色-权限"模式的访问控制机制保证了应用过程中数据的安全性。