巴黎都市区轨道交通与城市空间 协调发展的历程与启示

在现代城市空间规模不断扩大、逐步形成区域尺度的都市区和都市圈的过程中,公共交通的作用日益突出, 尤以公共投资为主的大运量轨道交通为甚,由此引发各界对二者互动关系的关注和讨论。为研究促进交通建设与空 间发展的相互协调,进而支撑都市区和都市圈健康发展的机制和要素,文章选择巴黎都市区作为实证案例,基于文 献资料、规划文本和实地观察,对巴黎都市区自工业化以来城市化进程的 3 个阶段进行历时性定性分析,总结巴黎 都市区轨道交通建设与都市区空间发展的互动关系,以及促进二者相互协调的机制和要素,以期对质量优先的新型 城镇化背景下我国都市区和都市圈的规划建设提供参考借鉴。研究发现,利用公共交通特别是轨道交通来引导城市 建设,是法国规划领域基于历史经验的自觉实践。以此为借鉴,广泛的社会认同、统一的政策框架、有效的规划协 调和系统的管理治理,是轨道交通建设支持都市区空间发展的重要机制和基础。     

Water resources development in Turkey

The Southeastern Anatolia Projec(tGAP),one of the most important projects for developing remarkable natural resources of the world,is accepted as a change for getting benefit from rich water and agricultural resources of the Southeastern Anatolia Region.The GAP Project has been considered as a regional development projects through years,but the dimensions of sustainability,protection of environment and participatory have been attached to the master of the project in recent years.When the GAP Project is completed,the Upper Mesopotomia, the centers of many civilisation,will re-again its importance as it had in the ancient times,and will be alive a center of civilisation.Moreover,when the problem of water shortage and water supplies in the world for the future is kept in mind,the importance of Southeastern Anatolia′s water supplies will be doubled.For this reason,the GAP Project,developed by depending on water and natural resources of the region,will have an important place in the world.The aim of this study is to introduce the region with rich natural resources and the GAP Project.For this reason,firstly,the natural potential of the region will be introduced.Second,the GAP Project will be presented in details.In the third stage,the projects being processed for protecting the natural sources and environment will be analyzed.In the last stage,strategies and policies to develop and to protect the natural resources of the region in short,mid,and long terms will be proposed.     

板厚对14MnNbq钢焊接件疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

为研究厚板的原始焊接板厚及取样位置对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响规律,完成了14MnNbq钢5种原始焊接板厚（40 mm、50 mm、60 mm、80 mm和100 mm）,共计30个疲劳试件的裂纹扩展试验。运用数理统计方法回归处理试验数据,得到了在给定置信水平下的5组da/dN-ΔK曲线以及Paris公式的拟合值参量,同时还得到了100 mm厚板不同取样部位的da/dN-ΔK曲线。结果表明：随着原始焊接板厚的增加,疲劳裂纹扩展速率也在加大;受取样位置的影响,表面试件比中部试件的疲劳裂纹扩展速率快。     

T型驳船过渡区域设计及强度分析

T型驳船可以显著提升驳船的最大导管架下水能力和最大组块浮托安装能力,在其船中为船宽过渡区,同时最大弯矩和剪力也出现在该区域,导致其结构复杂。目前已经建成的T型驳船均为方驳改造而成。通过对一艘新建T型驳船过渡区域的结构进行合理设计,同时完成不同设计工况的有限元强度分析,使结构更加可靠,减少了以往改造驳船造成的复杂结构和应力集中现象,同时满足规范及使用要求。     

"京津冀"区域轨道交通网络规划刍议

通过比较“京津冀”地区各种轨道交通的特性,论述了区域轨道交通网络规划建设的目标、特性和规划原则,并提出了规划布局初步方案:以京津为中心,规划北京-天津、天津-秦皇岛、天津-黄骅以及天津-石家庄等4条基本线路,并对相应的站点布局、运行方式等进行了探讨。     

西北干旱半干旱区高速公路水土保持监测调查与评价——以新疆维吾尔自治区果子沟口至霍尔果斯口岸高速公路为例

以新疆维吾尔自治区果子沟口至霍尔果斯口岸高速公路为例,对西北干旱半干旱区的公路水土保持进行监测调查和评价,监测指标的选取和监测方法可为今后相似地区公路水土保持监测的开展提供借鉴。     

高寒地区沥青路面主导病害调研与分析

以高寒地区沥青路面病害调研资料为基础,对高寒地区沥青路面病害进行特征描述与原因分析,归纳总结出该类地区沥青路面的主导破坏形式,对高寒地区沥青路面结构与材料的研究工作具有指导作用,同时对类似地区公路建设中沥青路面结构与材料设计也具有借鉴作用.     

港口的区域垄断和竞争:圆周模型

港口具有一定的地理垄断性,同时港口竞争也日益加剧,交叉腹地日益扩大。区域垄断和竞争成为港口共同的发展特征,协调两者之间的关系对于港口产业发展具有重要意义。圆周模型对于分析港口产业经济特性非常恰当。通过运用圆周模型来理解港口的区域垄断和竞争特性,可以为实现港口产业规模型竞争的公共政策制定提供基础性的理论依据。具体的政策建议包括港口业务的垂直分解及构建地主港模式、加快港口民营化进程、在放松规制的同时重建规制及推动形成区域内邻近港口间的协同竞争关系。     

Role of the built environment on mode choice decisions: additional evidence on the impact of density

Density is a key component in the recent surge of mixed-use neighborhood developments. Empirical research has shown an inconsistent picture on the impact of density. In particular, it is unclear whether it is the density or the variables that go long with density that affect people’s travel behavior. Many existing studies on density neglect confounding factors, for example, residential self-selection, generalized travel cost, accessibility, and access to transit stations. In addition, most still use a single trip as their observation unit, even though trip chaining is well recognized. The goal of this paper is to assess the role of density in affecting mode choice decisions in home-based work tours, while controlling for confounding factors. Using the dataset collected in the New York Metropolitan Region, we estimated a simultaneous two-equation system comprising two mutually interacting dependent variables: car ownership and the propensity to use auto. The results confirm the role of density after controlling for the confounding factors; in particular, employment density at work exerts more influence than residential density at home. The study also demonstrates the importance of using tour as the analysis unit in mode choice decisions. The study advances the field by analyzing the role of the built environment on home-based work tours. New knowledge is obtained in the relative contribution of density vs. a set of correlated factors, including generalized travel cost, accessibility, and access to transit stations.

丹东地区山区小河道治理措施及利用途径的探讨

丹东地区除东港市有36 232 hm2稻田外,其余多为山区,中小河道多,地形起伏大,河道坡降陡,洪水位高,冲刷力强,水土流失严重。该文就山区小河道治理措施和利用途径予以探讨,可供同行参考。