某新型轻卡转向系统模态对标及优化研究

转向系统模态控制是整车NVH开发的重要内容.文章针对某新型轻卡的怠速方向盘抖动问题,讨论了转向系统有限元模型的准确度影响因素,并与实测的方向盘频响曲线做对比.在模态及应变能分析结果上探讨了模态提升的主要方向,在此基础上优化转向系统主要部件,取得了较好效果.文章提供的转向系统模型对标及优化方法具有指导意义,对类似工程问题...     

轿车冷起动/暖机工况排放优化

根据欧3/欧4排放法规的要求,对捷达/宝来轿车装备的1.6L2VRSH型发动机冷起动/暖机工况排放进行了优化。通过采取合理选择催化转换器、空燃比标定优化、调整点火提前角、加装二次空气系统等措施,可使1.6L2VRSH型发动机分别满足欧3、欧4排放标准。     

工程车辆非线性橡胶悬架动力学建模与优化

以AD250铰接式自卸车的非线性变刚度橡胶悬架为研究对象,应用模态综合法和多柔体系统动力学理论,并通过整车试验建立了整车刚柔耦合动力学模型。以行驶平顺性和操纵稳定性为优化目标,采用序列二次规划法,对不同载荷、不同等级路面和不同车速下的悬架特性参数进行优化,得到了不同工况下的最优悬架特性参数。通过最小二乘法拟合得到了橡胶悬架刚度参数的理想非线性特性曲线。仿真结果表明,优化后的橡胶悬架系统能使车辆保持良好的行驶平顺性。     

基于引力搜索算法的多层甲板舱室分布设计方法

舰船舱室布置设计过程复杂繁琐,需耗费大量的人力与时间,而目前计算机辅助船舶设计技术仍以三维建模与绘图为主。为了使计算机获得根据输入的设计要求自主输出舱室分布设计方案的能力,提高舰船舱室布置设计效率,提出一种舱室分布设计方法。首先,针对舱室在舰船多层甲板上的分布问题搭建数学模型,依据设计规范、统计规律以及设计经验等,在分析舱室布置要求的基础上建立环境因素、通达性、重量分布和面积目标函数。然后,将引力搜索算法引入到模型中,从而形成一套舱室分布设计方法。通过算例进行试验,结果显示由所提出的方法得出的设计方案可较好地符合设计要求,证明该方法具有一定的合理性。     

狭小工作舱布局优化方法

针对狭小工作舱作业空间小、时间长、无舒适性的特点,提出一种基于人体疲劳特性的布局优化方法用来减轻肌肉疲劳。首先,利用实验所得人体上肢肌肉疲劳特性值,建立三维人体运动学模型。然后,以坐标变换的方法建立手指空间坐标求解思路,得到全局坐标系中不同位置的疲劳特性值,实现人体上肢作业姿势的生理参数化定义。同时,采用专家评价法与层次分析法相结合,确定待布物的人机权重。最后,以载人潜航器舱室为例,结合蚁群算法对载人潜航器舱内主控台进行布局设计,并采用JACK软件进行模拟验证。结果表明,此布局优化方法可以缓解载人潜航器操作员的疲劳,改善载人潜航器舱室的人机环境。     

可获知偶发拥堵持续时间的动态车辆路径问题

考虑真实交通路网,探讨了可获知偶发拥堵持续时间的动态车辆路径问题.在利用改进的Dijksta算法将路段行驶时间转化为客户点间最短行驶时间的基础上,根据常发拥堵信息,通过遗传算法安排车辆初始配送路径,根据实时获知的偶发拥堵因素影响下的路段行驶时间和其持续时间,以2-opt和insertion方法更新车辆配送路径,通过车载导航系统实时指导车辆行驶路线.数值试验表明,该方法可根据偶发拥堵信息更新车辆配送路线,以避开偶发拥堵影响路段,缩短总配送时间0.65~13.18 min;获知偶发拥堵持续时间帮助多节省了配送时间 -0.16~4.17 min.节省的时间随偶发拥堵因素对路网影响的加剧而更显著.     

What are the value and implications of two-car households for the electric car?

The major barriers to a more widespread introduction of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) beyond early adopters are the limited range, charging limitations, and costly batteries. An important question is therefore where these effects can be most effectively mitigated. An optimization model is developed to estimate the potential for BEVs to replace one of the conventional cars in two-car households and to viably contribute to the households’ driving demand. It uses data from 1 to 3 months of simultaneous GPS logging of the movement patterns for both cars in 64 commuting Swedish two-car households in the Gothenburg region.The results show that, for home charging only, a flexible vehicle use strategy can considerably increase BEV driving and nearly eliminate the unfulfilled driving in the household due to the range and charging limitations with a small battery. The present value of this flexibility is estimated to be on average $6000–$7000 but varies considerably between households. With possible near-future prices for BEVs based on mass production cost estimates, this flexibility makes the total cost of ownership (TCO) for a BEV advantageous in almost all the investigated households compared to a conventional vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle. Because of the ubiquity of multi-car households in developed economies, these families could be ideal candidates for the initial efforts to enhance BEV adoptions beyond the early adopters. The results of this research can inform the design and marketing of cheaper BEVs with small but enough range and contribute to increased knowledge and awareness of the suitability of BEVs in such households.     

Dynamic change of aircraft seat condition for fast boarding

Aircraft boarding is a process mainly impacted by the boarding sequence, individual passenger behavior and the amount of hand luggage. Whereas these aspects are widely addressed in scientific research and considered in operational improvements, the influence of infrastructural changes is only focused upon in the context of future aircraft design. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the innovative approach of a Side-Slip Seat, which allows passengers to pass each other during boarding. The seat holds the potential to reduce the boarding time by approx. 20%, even considering operational constraints, such as passenger conformance to the proposed boarding strategy. A validated stochastic boarding model is extended to analyze the impact of the Side-Slip Seat. The implementation of such fundamental change inside the aircraft cabin demands for adapted boarding strategies, in order to cover all the benefits that accompany this new dynamic seating approach. To reasonably identify efficient strategies, an evolutionary algorithm is used to systematically optimize boarding sequences. As a result, the evolutionary algorithm depicts that operationally relevant boarding strategies implementing the Side-Slip Seat should differentiate between the left and the right side of the aisle, instead of the current operationally preferred boarding from the back to the front.     

Thermodynamic,environmental and economic effects of diesel and biodiesel fuels on exhaust emissions and nano-particles of a diesel engine

In this study, diesel (JIS#2) and various biodiesel fuels (BDF20, BDF50, BDF100) are used to operate the diesel engine at 100 Nm, 200 Nm and full load; while the engine speed is 1800 rpm. The system is experimentally studied, and the energy, exergy, sustainability, thermoeconomic and exergoeconomic analyses are performed to the system. The Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer is used to measure the size distribution of engine exhaust particle emissions. Also, the data of the exhaust emissions, soot, particle numbers, fuel consumptions, etc. are measured. It is found that (i) most of the exhaust emissions (except NO_x) are directly proportional to the engine load, (ii) maximum CO₂ and NO_x emissions rates are generally determined for the BDF100 biodiesel fuel; while the minimum ones are calculated for the JIS#2 diesel fuel. On the other hand, the maximum CO and HC emissions rates are generally computed for the JIS#2 diesel fuel; while the minimum ones are found for the BDF100 biodiesel fuel, (iii) fuel consumptions from maximum to minimum are BDF100 > BDF50 > BDF20 > JIS#2 at all of the engine loads, (iv) particle concentration of the JIS#2 diesel fuel is higher than the biodiesel fuels, (v) soot concentrations of the JIS#2, BDF20 and BDF50 fuels are directly proportional to the engine load; while the BDF100 is inversely proportional, (vi) system has better energy and exergy efficiency when the engine is operated with the biodiesel fuels (vii) sustainability of the fuels are BDF100 > BDF50 > BDF20 > JIS#2, (viii) thermoeconomic and exergoeconomic parameters rates from maximum to minimum are JIS#2 > BDF20 > BDF50 > BDF100.     

Locating charging infrastructure for electric buses in Stockholm

Charging infrastructure requirements are being largely debated in the context of urban energy planning for transport electrification. As electric vehicles are gaining momentum, the issue of locating and securing the availability, efficiency and effectiveness of charging infrastructure becomes a complex question that needs to be addressed. This paper presents the structure and application of a model developed for optimizing the distribution of charging infrastructure for electric buses in the urban context, and tests the model for the bus network of Stockholm. The major public bus transport hubs connecting to the train and subway system show the highest concentration of locations chosen by the model for charging station installation. The costs estimated are within an expected range when comparing to the annual bus public transport costs in Stockholm. The model could be adapted for various urban contexts to promptly assist in the transition to fossil-free bus transport. The total costs for the operation of a partially electrified bus system in both optimization cases considered (cost and energy) differ only marginally from the costs for a 100% biodiesel system. This indicates that lower fuel costs for electric buses can balance the high investment costs incurred in building charging infrastructure, while achieving a reduction of up to 51% in emissions and up to 34% in energy use in the bus fleet.