Environmental impacts of public transport systems using real-time control method

Public Transport (PT) systems rely more and more on online information extracted from both operator’s intelligent equipment and user’s smartphone applications. This allows for a better fit between supply and demand of the multimodal PT system, especially through the use of PT real-time control actions/tactics. In doing so there is also an opportunity to consider environmental-related issues to approach energy saving and reduced pollution. This study investigates and analyses the benefits of using real-time PT operational tactics in reducing the undesirable environmental impacts. A tactic-based control (TBC) optimization model is used to minimize total passenger travel time and maximize direct transfers (without waiting). The model consists of a control policy built upon a combination of three tactics: holding, skip-stops, and boarding limit. The environmental-related measure is the global warming potential (GWP) using the life cycle assessment technique. The methodology developed is applied to a real life case study in Auckland, New Zealand. Results show that TBC could reduce the GWP by means of reduction of total passenger travel times and vehicle travel cycle time. That is, the TBC model results in a 5.6% reduction in total GWP per day compared with an existing no-tactic scenario. This study supports the use of real-time control actions to maintain a reliable PT service, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and subsequently moving towards greener PT systems.     

某船用柴油机SCR尿素喷射系统结构参数仿真优化

在建立的SCR系统三维仿真模型基础上,首先通过仿真性能分析,初步确定了尿素喷嘴位置、喷孔直径、喷孔数目及喷射方向等尿素喷射结构参数范围,然后采用正交试验法确定尿素喷射结构参数仿真试验方案。以NO_X转化率为优化目标,通过极差分析和方差分析得到优化的尿素喷射结构参数方案为:喷嘴与催化剂入口距离为7倍管径,喷嘴孔数为6孔,喷嘴孔径为0.6 mm,喷射锥角为30°。     

基于正交设计的船用柴油机燃烧系统参数匹配及优化

为研究柴油机燃烧系统参数匹配对柴油机动力和排放性能的影响,首先分别利用AVL_BOOST和AVL_FIRE仿真软件建立4190ZLC-2型船用柴油机整机模型和缸内燃烧高压循环模型,然后基于已建模型应用正交试验设计方法安排柴油机进气系统、喷油系统和燃烧室结构尺寸参数匹配仿真计算。研究结果表明,通过极差分析可以得出燃烧系统参数对4190ZLC-2型柴油机性能的影响主次顺序。以柴油机指示功率为评价指标时,参数组合0.26 mm-28°CA-160°-0.9-145 mm-2.6 mm-22 mm(喷孔直径-喷油提前角-油束夹角-涡流比-喉口直径-凸台高度-凹坑半径)对应的指示功率为63.40 k W,比原机仿真值高15%;以NOX排放为评价指标时,参数组合0.30 mm-24°CA-140°-0.4-135 mm-6.6 mm-14 mm(喷孔直径-喷油提前角-油束夹角-涡流比-喉口直径-凸台高度-凹坑半径)对应的NOX排放质量分数为0.015 7%,比原机仿真值低30.2%。     

小型双甲板远洋拖网渔船结构优化设计

针对34.5 m双甲板远洋拖网渔船,考虑船东使用后提出的建议,依据《钢质海洋渔船建造规范(2015)》要求对船体结构进行最优化设计,着重对加工间和机舱做到空间最大化,尽可能优化上层结构;利用ANSYS对龙门架选用高强度钢来减小板厚进行分析,加强球鼻结构,减少舷墙构件,做到既符合规范要求又满足渔民实际使用要求。结果表明:优化设计使得机舱空间更合理,结构连续性更好,减轻了上层质量,降低了钢料重心。     

船舶轴系校中计算中优化算法的应用

本文以常见船舶轴系布置为基础,建立轴系校中计算数学模型,采用智能微群优化算法数值求解该数学模型。并对某3000吨级海监船进行轴系校中计算,结果表明智能微群优化算法求解出的轴系校中参数满足中国船级社相关规定的要求,该方法可以在轴系校中计算中推广使用。     

基于实数遗传算法的列车优化操纵曲线研究

列车优化操纵是列车节能控制的关键问题，以列车运行动力学方程和牵引计算理论为基础，结合列车运行过程中的要求，构建以能耗、时分误差、限速等为目标的列车节能控制模型，采用实数遗传算法，通过Visual Basic编程对此问题进行求解。在已知列车编组的条件下，以DF4型内燃机车牵引客车、空气制动和燃油量曲线为基础，得到给定运行时间、距离条件下的优化操纵曲线，从而对司机操纵给出指导性意见。     

铁路空车调整优化模型及其蚁群算法

以理论研究为主,通过对空车调整问题的特点分析,明确了空车数量调配和网络配流是空车调整的两个核心问题;在分析已有模型及对问题进行抽象描述的基础上,建立了空车调整协同优化（EWDCO）模型,并设计了相应的蚁群算法。分析发现,共同径路约束与EWDCO模型是不协调的;通过对定理的证明得出,对流约束不会对EWDCO模型的最优解产生影响,模型可以描述为线性整数规划模型,其实质是带容量约束的最小费用流模型。同时,研究表明ACO对求解空车调整问题具有一定的优势,是一种较为有效的算法。     

An Optimization Model for Guiding Pedestrian–Vehicle Mixed Flows During an Emergency Evacuation

In most metropolitan areas, an emergency evacuation may require a potentially large number of pedestrians to walk some distance to access their passenger cars or resort to transit systems. In this process, the massive number of pedestrians may place a tremendous burden on vehicles in the roadway network, especially at critical intersections. Thus, the effective road enforcement of the vehicle and pedestrian flows and the proper coordination between these two flows at critical intersections during a multimodal evacuation process is a critical issue in evacuation planning. This article presents an integrated linear model for the design of optimized flow plans for massive mixed pedestrian–vehicle flows within an evacuation zone. The optimized flow can also be used to generate signal timing plans at critical intersections. In addition, the linear nature of the model can circumvent the computational burden to apply in large-scale networks. An illustrating example of the evacuation around the M&T Bank Stadium in downtown Baltimore, MD, is presented and used to demonstrate the model's capability to address the complex interactions between vehicle and pedestrian flows within an evacuation zone. Results of simulation experiments verify the applicability of our model to a real-world scenario and further indicate that accounting for such conflicting movements will yield more reliable estimation of an evacuation's required clearance time.     

铁路数字通信传输网络优化浅谈

以宝成线数字通信传输网络的部分优化工程为例,说明数字通信传输网络的优化方案,以满足业务开通、安全等方面的需求。     

北京通信段管内部分传输网络优化

北京铁路局管内京哈、津山、津秦沈等铁路,承担着大量客货运输任务。但该线路通信设备陈旧,处理能力不足。为此,分析北京铁路局重要干线的通信传输网络问题,利用新增传输设备,完成优化整改,提高网络安全性。