An assessment of the performance of the European long intermodal freight trains (LIFTS)

Intermodal rail/road freight transport has always been considered as a competitive alternative to its road freight counterpart in the European medium- to long-distance corridors (markets). Such consideration has been based on the increasing competitiveness of some innovative rail services and the existing and prospective performance of both modes in terms of the full social – internal or operational and external – costs. The most recent innovation of rail technologies and related services launched by some European railway companies, still at the conceptual level, is the Long Intermodal Freight Train (LIFT). This is supposed to be a block train operating in long-distance corridors (markets) with a substantial and regular freight demand.This paper develops analytical models for assessing the performance of the LIFTs, the already-operating Conventional Intermodal Freight Trains (CIFTs), and their road counterpart as well. The performance consists of the full – internal (private) and external – costs of the door-to-door delivery of loading units – containers, swap-bodies, and semi-trailers. The internal costs embrace the operational costs of the transport (rail and road) and intermodal terminal operators. The external costs include the costs of the impacts of door-to-door delivery of loading units on society and the environment. These negative externalities include noise, air pollution, traffic accidents, and congestion.The models are applied to a simplified version of intermodal and road transport system using inputs from the European freight transport sector. The aims are to compare the full costs of particular modalities in order to investigate the potential of the LIFTs as compared with the CIFTs in improving the internal efficiency of the rail freight sector and its competitiveness with respect to its road counterpart. In addition, the paper attempts to assess some effects on the potential modal shift of EU (European Union) transport policies on internalizing transport externalities.     

铁路客运专线与公路并行区段柔性防护预留变形空间的研究

为保证高速列车的行车安全,必须建立防止异物入侵的安全防范体系。在铁路客运专线与公路并行区段采用柔性防护时,必须预留一定的变形空间,以保证受到异物冲击后的柔性防护网不侵入铁路建筑限界。通过有限元仿真计算和现场性能试验,准确把握柔性防护网在规定的冲击能量作用下的最大变形数据。仿真和试验结果表明:柔性防护网的最大变形量随着冲击能量的增大而增大,最大变形距离达1.8 m以上。建议设置在铁路客运专线与公路并行区段之间的柔性防护网,其垂直冲击能量设计标准取为:一般区段9.3×104J,加强区段1.7×105J;且柔性防护网预留变形空间的宽度以不小于2.0 m为宜。     

Performance estimation model of a torque converter part I: Correlation between the internal flow field and energy loss coefficient

The objective of this paper is to improve the performance estimation model of the internal flow field of a torque converter. Compared with performance experiment results, the converter based on the one-dimensional model does not satisfy the performance requirements demanded in practice. Therefore, we need to develop more predictable and reliable performance estimation models. In order to obtain shape information on three-dimensional blade geometry, a process of reverse engineering conducts a torque converter assembly, impeller, turbine and stator. In addition, a CFD simulation including mesh generation and post-processing was carried out to extract equivalent parameters from the internal flow field. The internal flow field can be explained by analyze the correlation between a performance estimation model and CFD analysis. The equivalent performance model adopts the variation of energy loss coefficients for a given operating condition according to the application of a changing energy loss coefficient by the least mean squares method. The estimated equivalent model improves the agreement in performance between experiments and the theoretical model. This model can reduce the error to within about 3 percent. Furthermore, this procedure for predicted performance achieves eminence in the estimation of the capacity factor.     

汽车齿轮油的发展与选用

汽车齿轮油用于机械式变速器，驱动桥和轴向器的齿轮润滑，它起到润滑、冷却，防锈及缓冲的作用。首先，介绍了国内外汽车齿轮油的分类和发展趋势，其次，介绍了齿轮油的澜性和抗磨性，低温操作性和粘温性，热氧化安全性，抗腐蚀性和防锈性，另外，介绍了齿轮油的选用。     

G32系列柴油机研制

G32系列柴油机是广州柴油机厂新开发的船用中速大功率柴油机,新产品的研制工作采用产学研联合,由广州柴油机厂和七一一研究所以厂所合作的方式进行。G32柴油机的平均有效压力Pe=2.30MPa,倒挂主轴承结构,三段式船用大端连杆,厚壁气缸套。高效率脉冲增压系统,等压燃烧,排放机内控制,安全监测系统对主轴承温度等重要参数进行实时监控。     

海事行政执法过程中反商业贿赂策略

商业贿赂是一种普遍的社会现象,是商品经济发展的负面影响。商业贿赂出现以来,各国都采取措施加以禁止,世界各地的相关立法就足以见证各国对商业贿赂的重视。笔者试从商业贿赂的表现及成因入手,剖析反商业贿赂的政策依据及防范策略。     

彩色沥青路用性能评价

自行制备了8种彩色沥青，选取几种有代表性沥青评价试验方法针入度、软化点、动态剪切、简支梁弯曲蠕变试验，对其进行试验评价。在RGB颜色体系中，对数码相机采集的彩色沥青原样、RTFOT、PAV试样的表面颜色进行比较。     

车用冷却风扇安装位置对其性能影响的分析研究

根据某重型车用环形风扇的实际风筒试验过程建立了该风扇风筒仿真模型,并将计算结果与试验数据进行了比较,验证了模型的可靠性.利用该模型对不同风扇的轴向伸入距离、径向间隙进行仿真分析.结果表明,轴向伸入距离和径向间隙对风扇性能的影响十分显著:该风扇轴向伸入距离为75 mm、径向间隙为25 mm是较合理的安装距离:不同的轴向伸入距离对径向间隙的要求是不同的.     

船舶低硫燃油系统的应用分析

介绍低硫燃油的特性及其关键技术,分析低硫燃油市场供应情况,结合工程应用实际,提出了4种应用方案,经过对比分析,提出了一种面向工程实际的推荐方案。     

船用柴油机性能指标分解与评估系统设计

船用柴油机性能评估对柴油机设计研发、关重件改进优化、性能提高具有十分重要的意义。为科学系统地对柴油机性能进行总体评估,本文针对柴油机八大性能指标,研究船用大功率柴油机主要性能指标的分解方法和各指标的响应关系。按照主要性能指标分解流程,完成柴油机性能评估系统的功能模块设计。开发基于Netty的用户端与服务器之间的通信框架,实现快速调用第三方专业计算软件以及与数据高频互传,大大提高了评估系统的数据响应和评估效率。以某型柴油机为例,对评估系统功能模块进行验证,为我国船用大功率柴油机实现“同步设计,同步评估”提供参考。