The relationship between land use and automobile travel utility: A Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes approach

The relationship between land use and the utility of automobile travel is examined by refining the utility concept, particularly by combining the microeconomic utility theory, which is concerned with the disutility of travel, and the perspective on the positive utility. A conceptual model is accordingly developed and then adjusted considering different purposes of travel. The purpose-specific models are tested through a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes approach in Seoul, Korea, using datasets from a sample survey and geographic information systems. The major finding is that land use affects the utility mainly by changing synergy and affective utility rather than instrumental utility, which encompasses disutility variables. Among land use variables, the utility is found to be the most sensitive to the number of transit facilities for commuting and shopping travel and land use balance for leisure travel.     

Application of interval Multi-attribute Decision-Making Method to Aeroengine Performance Ranking

Introduction The performance deterioration of aeroengine isone of the key factors which may induce aircraft cata-strophic events. With the expansion of airline fleets,the number of aeroengines increase dramatically.Because performance parameters can refle…     

混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能试验研究

应用电通量法和氯离子扩散系数法,研究不同配合比的铁路混凝土抵抗氯离子渗透的能力。对于同一组试件,采用这2种试验方法所得数据均能满足相关技术指标要求。电通量法和氯离子扩散系数法所得数据分布区间分别在170?C~1?194?C和0.5×10-12?m2/s?~3.5×10-12?m2/s范围内。试验结果表明,这2种方法均可对铁路混凝土抵抗氯离子渗透能力进行定性分析,电通量法能更好地反映不同配合比混凝土抵抗氯离子渗透能力的差异。     

基于HTCPN的列车追踪车地通信过程建模研究

为了对高速铁路移动闭塞系统(Moving Automatic System,简称MAS)进行更加精确的仿真,利用CPN Tools建立高速铁路列车追踪运行车地通信过程的CPN模型,应用CPN ML语言模拟无线通信模型中数据包的丢包现象;引入时间标志对模型中数据传输的时间特性进行分析。仿真过程中为模型各个控制环节定义数据采集监控器,连续仿真3次分析追踪运行车地通信信息传输的时间特性。结果表明:该分析方法可以得到准确的性能分析报告,仿真结果对高速铁路中MAS系统开发阶段的形式化验证具有一定的借鉴意义。     

客车用地板现状及易出现的问题

介绍目前常用的聚氯乙烯、橡胶和橡塑客车地板材料性能、制造工艺,分析地板易出现的一些问题,比较聚氯乙烯、橡胶和橡塑材料的优缺点。     

A study of relationships between traffic noise and annoyance for different urban site typologies

The paper intends to analyse the different attitudes of residents in urban areas in regard to annoyance induced by traffic noise, account taken of the effects of the street configuration and of the presence of specific public transport modes in the definition of the dose-response curves.People’s annoyance was investigated through a campaign of noise and traffic measurements and an epidemiological survey, administered to a sample of 830 residents in the buildings close to the measurement points.An ordinal regression model taking into account environmental and urban characteristics was used to identify a dose-response relationship. The cumulative probabilities allowed to define two cut points on the dose-response curves (60 and 75 dB(A)), grouping people in three classes and making the representation of the dose-response relationships different from those traditionally defined that use only the percentage of highly annoyed people.The results show different people’s attitudes towards the annoyance in the urban sites while the dose-response relationship shows that the correlation between annoyance and noise is low. For the same value of day equivalent level, 10% more people are annoyed in L sections (broad streets) than in U sections (narrow streets). Furthermore, all the dose-response curves show a higher sensitivity of people living in L sections; this difference can be measured as a shift of about 4 dB(A). Noise levels are, arguably, a useful indicator, but they are not reliable enough to define the discomfort of the residents, while the site characteristics could shed light on annoyance variability.     

多功能深水环保船建造检验要点综述

作为海上环境保护的专用船舶,深水环保船具有海面溢油回收、应急指挥、油污消除及对外消防等作业能力,主要用于我国深水海域石油勘探开采过程中测试井液/污油水的接收与返送。文章针对深水环保船新型设计,着重介绍船舶性能、动力定位、溢油回收等三大特点。此船舶是国内现有航速最快、主尺度最大、功能最先进、装备最齐全、载运能力最大及回收能力最强的多功能专用船舶,即将服役于东海与南海深水海域。     

可变气门相位对发动机性能影响的仿真研究

应用WAVE整机性能软件,研究分析了某汽油机的可变进气相位对发动机进气性能的影响.在优化进气相位基础上,分析了采用可变气门相位技术的发动机在6000 r/min(最大功率)和低速1500 r/min两种工况下,不同排气相位对发动机动力性、经济性和排放性的影响.     

汽车动力总成结构参数敏感性研究

定义了结构参数敏感度.以整车动力总成优化为例,对影响汽车动力性及燃油经济性的动力总成结构参数进行了敏感度数学分析.针对某车型,利用AVL Cruise模拟软件绘制了敏感度曲线,得到了不同参数对性能指标的敏感度排序,并对各参数敏感度变化进行了比较和分析,从而提出了动力总成优化方案.优化后该样车的NEDC百公里油耗降低.     

TiAl基合金的研制及其在汽车上的应用

介绍了TiAl基合金的性能及具制备技术,提出了采用政变显微组织和亚结构、做合金化和渗碳处理、铸造等手段,解决其存在的室温塑性较低、850℃以上抗氧化能力不足和难加工等问题。阐述了TiAl基合金在汽车排气门和涡轮增压器上的应用情况。经测试,TiAl基合金排气门及涡轮增压器转子的各项性能优良,表明TiAl基合金可成为未来高性能汽车发动机排气门和涡轮增压器转子的首选材料。