公路隧道大型振动台抗减震模型试验方案设计

西藏某隧道隧址区地震烈度高,受多条活动断层影响,为了确保隧道抵御强震和减小活动断层对隧道的影响,对该隧道进口段大型振动台模型试验方案进行研究。首先介绍振动台模型试验模型箱的设计,并对整个模型体系模拟的范围和相似关系进行剖析。然后,在参照已有研究成果并结合本次试验拟定的相似关系基础上,确定模拟模型岩层和模型衬砌的材料。同时,以该隧道进口段数值模拟结果为基础,选择振动台模型试验测点的布置位置。最后,结合隧址区所处的地震环境,编制模型试验的加载制度。最终试验现象证明,本次试验方案是成功的。     

黏滞性阻尼器对千米级斜拉桥纵向减震效果的振动台试验研究

为了研究千米级斜拉桥纵向采用黏滞性阻尼器的减震效果,以一座主跨1 088 m的斜拉桥为工程背景,按相似理论设计制作了一座几何缩尺比为1：35的全桥振动台试验模型,通过改变塔梁间的连接方式,建立了塔梁间纵向无约束的非减震体系和塔梁间纵向采用黏滞性阻尼器的减震体系,选用4条具有代表性的地震动进行了4个振动台纵向一致激励的全桥振动台试验,然后将不同地震动输入下2种体系的试验结果进行对比分析。试验结果表明：千米级斜拉桥纵向无约束体系的地震响应受输入地震动的特性影响较大,对于长周期成分丰富,特别是对应于结构一阶周期的加速度谱和位移谱谱值较大的地震动,结构的地震响应较大;千米级斜拉桥非减震体系的地震响应同样也受输入地震动特性的影响较大;纵向采用黏滞性阻尼器的减震体系可以减小结构的梁端位移、塔顶位移以及塔底钢筋应变,但输入地震动的特性会影响黏滞性阻尼器的减震效果,对于特征周期较长、长周期成分丰富的地震动,黏滞性阻尼器的减震效果较好,而对于有明显速度脉冲的地震动,黏滞性阻尼器的减震效果相对较差,当地震动峰值加速度PGA为0.4g时,在场地人工地震动、Loma Prieta地震动作用下,梁端最大位移分别减小了62.41%、37.75%;对于有明显速度脉冲的地震动,需要选择阻尼系数更大的黏滞性阻尼器。     

The estimation of a time-dependent OD trip table with vehicle trajectory samples

Abstract

In this paper we discuss a dynamic origin–destination (OD) estimation problem that has been used for identifying time-dependent travel demand on a road network. Even though a dynamic OD table is an indispensable data input for executing a dynamic traffic assignment, it is difficult to construct using the conventional OD construction method such as the four-step model. For this reason, a direct estimation method based on field traffic data such as link traffic counts has been used. However, the method does not account for a logical relationship between a travel demand pattern and socioeconomic attributes. In addition, the OD estimation method cannot guarantee the reliability of estimated results since the OD estimation problem has a property named the ‘underdetermined problem.’ In order to overcome such a problem, the method developed in this paper makes use of vehicle trajectory samples with link traffic counts. The new method is applied to numerical examples and shows promising capability for identifying a temporal and spatial travel demand pattern.     

Oracle变异表错误解决方案选择

Oracle行级触发器应用中常遇到变异表错误,急需一个高性能的解决方案。概述Oracle DML触发器的特点,给出变异表错误出现的场景,分析出现错误的原因,提出分别基于包变量、临时表或复合触发器的3种解决方案,大规模数据测试表明:基于复合触发器的解决方案性能最好。     

直接功率控制在三相光伏并网系统中的研究

逆变器的控制在光伏并网系统中起着核心的作用,在三相光伏并网系统的基础上对并网逆变器提出了一种直接功率控制的方案。直接功率控制(DPC)仅需要测量交流侧的电压与电流,通过坐标转换,计算出瞬时有功功率与无功功率,得到的结果分别与PI调节得到的参考有功功率以及给定无功功率进行比较,经过滞环比较器,开关表等环节来控制并网变流器。Matlab/Simulink仿真结果表明,并网逆变器直接功率控制方法简单,并网功率因数接近于1,电流谐波小,具有良好的动态和稳态性能。     

自锚式悬索桥抗震性能试验研究

通过模型振动台试验研究了自锚式悬索桥的抗震性能。以一座自锚式悬索桥为原型,根据相似比设计模型并进行了振动台试验。对试验得到的动力特性、阻尼比及输入安评波的地震反应进行了分析,并用有限元的结果和试验结果进行了校核,总结了自锚式悬索桥的抗震性能,为今后相关的工程项目提供参考。     

加筋格宾挡墙动力特性分析及设计要点

通过室内拉拔试验研究了格宾网筋土作用特性,利用振动台试验研究了加筋格宾挡墙的动力特性,分析了它在地震荷载下的破坏现象及其动土压力分布规律,并找出其在地震荷载下的最不利部位,提出了加强措施;利用Geo-Studio软件建立人工耦合有限元数值模拟模型,对比分析了振动台试验及相同尺寸的有限元数值模拟模型,研究加筋格宾挡墙的动...     

Spatial pattern of the global shipping network and its hub-and-spoke system

Port system is a research focus of transport geography, and most studies believe carriers are important factors in the development and concentration of the port system. Since the 1990s, carriers have played an important role in organizing the global shipping network and reorganizing the port system. But there isn’t a perfect method to evaluate carriers’ influence and the roles of each port in the maritime shipping networks. In this paper, we use the monthly schedule table of international carriers to describe and model the spatial pattern of the global shipping network and identify its hub-and-spoke system. The result shows that a hierarchical structure exists in the global shipping network. The North Hemisphere, especially the East Asia and the Southeast Asia, is a dominant region of the worldwide shipping network. East Asia, Southeast Asia, Northeast Europe, and East coast of the USA are the concentration regions of worldwide shipping lines. The ports of Hong Kong, Singapore, Shenzhen, Shanghai, and Kaohsiung etc have advanced capacity for maritime shipping and high potentials for being hub ports in the global shipping network. Today, the worldwide shipping network is transforming from the multi-port calling system to 44 regional hub-and-spoke systems. Meanwhile, the sub-networks with hub ports of Antwerp, Singapore, and Hong Kong have become the most important ones and dominate the whole global shipping network.     

循环弹塑性本构模型在港口沉箱码头抗震理论中的应用

在港口抗震中采用循环弹塑性本构模型对港工建筑物的地震破坏机理进行数值分析与振动台实验。选取在港口建设中最常见的沉箱码头作为研究对象,采用循环弹塑性本构模型,FD-FE耦合方法模拟地震荷载作用下地基土液化导致的沉箱码头岸壁的整体失稳。然后通过水下大型振动台的模型实验进行验证。数值分析与模型试验破坏趋势基本吻合。结论表明：循环弹塑性本构模型在港口工程抗震理论研究中有一定的参考应用价值,为循环弹塑性本构模型在港口建设实际工程中的推广起到一定的铺垫作用。     

A maximum entropy-least squares estimator for elastic origin-destination trip matrix estimation

In transportation subnetwork-supernetwork analysis, it is well known that the origin-destination (O-D) flow table of a subnetwork is not only determined by trip generation and distribution, but also a result from traffic routing and diversion, due to the existence of internal-external, external-internal and external-external flows. This result indicates the variable nature of subnetwork O-D flows. This paper discusses an elastic O-D flow table estimation problem for subnetwork analysis. The underlying assumption is that each cell of the subnetwork O-D flow table contains an elastic demand function rather than a fixed demand rate and the demand function can capture all traffic diversion effect under various network changes. We propose a combined maximum entropy-least squares estimator, by which O-D flows are distributed over the subnetwork in terms of the maximum entropy principle, while demand function parameters are estimated for achieving the least sum of squared estimation errors. While the estimator is powered by the classic convex combination algorithm, computational difficulties emerge within the algorithm implementation until we incorporate partial optimality conditions and a column generation procedure into the algorithmic framework. Numerical results from applying the combined estimator to a couple of subnetwork examples show that an elastic O-D flow table, when used as input for subnetwork flow evaluations, reflects network flow changes significantly better than its fixed counterpart.