Eradication of algae in ships'' ballast water by electrolyzing

In order to verify the effectiveness of electrolytic treatment on ships' ballast water,experiments are carried out by a pilot system in laboratory. The raw seawater and seawater with different concentrations of different algae are simulated as ships' ballast water. The algae in the raw seawater can be killed if it is treated by electrolysis with an initial residual chlorine concentration of 5 mg/L. If the seawater with one kind of algae (Nitzschia closterum, Dicrateria spp., or Pyramidomonnas sp.105cells/mL) is treated by electrolysis with an initial residual chlorine concentration of 5 mg/L, the alga can be sterilized. If the seawater with one kind of algae (Dunaliella sp., Platymonas or Chlorella spp.)is directly treated by electrolyzing with an initial residual chlorine concentration of 4 mg/L, the instant mortality changes with the concentration of different algae. However, after 72 hours, in all treated samples, there are no live algal cells found.     

机务段试验台试验数据转换方法的实现

针对现行机务段试验数据存放格式的不统一，就试验数据存放在数据库系统中或生成数据文件直接以文件形式存放的情况，提出了实际可行的转换方案，并列举了两个例子说明其具体实现过程及转换速度。     

Ballast Water Risk Indication for the North Sea

The ballast water from ships carries marine organisms that have invasive potential. The International Maritime Organization Ballast Water Management Convention (2004) requires ballast water exchange or ballast water management (BWM) systems either onboard or ashore. Ships can be exempted on the basis of risk assessment, when exclusively sailing between specific ports or in an enclosed area. In reply to our questionnaire, the shipping sector argues that the North Sea is ecologically homogeneous and exemptions could therefore be granted. This paper proposes that the North Sea area is, in fact, not homogeneous in terms of hydrographical and biological conditions; therefore, ballast water is a relevant transport mechanism for organisms. Within the North Sea, the short shipping routes indicate a high risk for survival. We examined actual simulation models for ballast water risk assessment in the North Sea, and we have identified the major parameters that need to be included in such models. These models provided a basis; they further need to be combined and adapted for the purpose of evaluating the rationale for an exemption. We concluded that exemptions from BWM are not recommended for the North Sea area. Anticipating the Ballast Water Management Convention, ship owners might do well to study possibilities for installing BWM systems onboard.     

50000 DWT半潜船压载系统设计

压载系统是半潜船的关键性系统,设计需要满足半潜船潜装、滚装和吊装等多种装卸货方式的要求。为此以中远航运50 000 DWT半潜船为例,介绍半潜船压载系统的设计要点。包括半潜船上浮时间的确定、半潜船常用排/压载方式的选择、大型排/压载设备的介绍、压载系统的设计和优化以及压载系统满足BWM公约D-2规则要求的研究等。     

船舶压载水的处理与进展

船舶压载水的随意排放是造成外来生物入侵的主要途径,本文阐述了船舶压载水的管理现状和处理方法,以及世界上该领域的最新进展。     

丹江口水库下游河床冲刷与水位降落对航道的影响

在冲积性河流上修建水库以后,因水库的调节作用水库下游的水、沙过程发生巨大改变,导致河床新的变形,直接影响航道水深的变化,给航道带来不同影响。本文根据水库下游丹江口至碾盘山河段的观测资料和河床演变分析,论证了在水库调节作用下河底降低与水位下降关系的五种变化类型,分析了五种类型产生的原因和条件,这不仅对汉江中游的航道整治具有重要意义,而且对水库下游冲积性河流的冲刷,特别是三峡工程兴建后河床冲刷对航深的影响均具有一定的参考价值。     

高低异形刃脚钢围堰在望东长江公路大桥主墩施工中的应用

望东长江公路大桥是主跨为638m的双塔组合梁斜拉桥,南塔主墩处河床为裸露大倾斜中风化灰岩,若按常规方法施工,则无覆盖层条件下钻孔平台搭设困难,故基础采用高低异形刃脚钢围堰施工。该围堰四周韧角可以依据河床岩面形状进行调整,适用于不同地质条件下无覆盖层的河床岩面。钢围堰施工所采用的整体翻转施工工艺,不仅可以满足渡洪要求,而且还可有效缩短工期,可供类似环境条件下钢围堰的设计、施工借鉴。     

建筑废弃物再生固化基层施工工艺研究

为合理处置建筑废弃物并拓宽道路基层料源,对建筑物拆除废弃物再生工艺及再生固化基层混合料配合比设计等关键技术进行了研发,提出了建筑废弃物再生固化基层施工工艺.分析结果表明:该型基层具有高强、耐久和稳固等突出优点;相关工艺强化了废弃物处置功能,大大减少了天然集料用量,具有良好工程应用前景.可供低交通量道路基层施工参考.     

Added resistance acting on hull of a non ballast water ship

In this paper, added resistances acting on a hull of non ballast water ship(NBS) in high waves is discussed. The non ballast water ships were developed at the laboratory of the authors at Osaka Prefecture University, Japan. In the present paper, the performances of three kinds of bow shapes developed for the NBS were theoretically and experimentally investigated to find the best one in high waves. In previous papers, an optimum bow shape for the NBS was developed in calm water and in moderated waves. For a 2 m model for experiments and computations, the wave height is 0.02 m. This means that the wave height is 15% of the draft of the ship in full load conditions. In this paper, added resistances in high waves up to 0.07 m for a 2 m model or 53% of the full load draft are investigated. In such high waves linear wave theories which have been used in the design stage of a ship for a long time may not work well anymore, and experiments are the only effective tool to predict the added resistance in high waves. With the computations for waves, the ship is in a fully captured condition because shorter waves, λ/Lpp0.6, are assumed.     

红层地区工程中土石比研究

结合西南地区机场工程实践,研究了红层结构特征、垂向分布特点与工程特性;分析了机场工程中红层土石比确定的现状;提出施工土石比、设计土石比概念和适宜红层土石比的勘探手段、计算方法,以及勘察初步确定土石比,试验段校核土石比,施工调整土石比的程序,在西南某机场中运用效果良好。