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41.
提出了一种新的测定航天器角速度矢量的方法。该方法只需得到来自星敏感器的载体矢量测量信息,就可确定载体角速度。提出了基于各种不同差分法的运算规则,表示出了每种近似法的估计误差协方差。仿真结果表明,结合简单的滤波,该方法能够提供非常精确的角速度估计值,而且计算量远比卡尔曼滤波小得多。 相似文献
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ManWo Ng Zhanmin Zhang S. Travis Waller 《Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies》2011,19(6):1326-1338
Currently there is a true dichotomy in the pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) literature. On the one hand, there are integer programming-based models that assume that parameters are deterministically known. On the other extreme, there are stochastic models, with the most popular class being based on the theory of Markov decision processes that are able to account for various sources of uncertainties observed in the real-world. In this paper, we present an integer programming-based alternative to account for these uncertainties. A critical feature of the proposed models is that they provide – a priori – probabilistic guarantees that the prescribed M&R decisions would result in pavement condition scores that are above their critical service levels, using minimal assumptions regarding the sources of uncertainty. By construction of the models, we can easily determine the additional budget requirements when additional sources of uncertainty are considered, starting from a fully deterministic model. We have coined this additional budget requirement the price of uncertainty to distinguish from previous related work where additional budget requirements were studied due to parameter uncertainties in stochastic models. A numerical case study presents valuable insights into the price of uncertainty and shows that it can be large. 相似文献
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以短程线网壳的总质量为目标函数,以网壳的网格数、矢高、杆件截面面积和节点体积作为优化设计变量,采用一维搜索法与相对差商法相结合的序列两级优化方法进行截面优化设计。对不同跨度、不同矢跨比和不同网格划分密度的多个单层短程线球面网壳结构进行了计算,用回归分析法得出网壳最优网格划分数量、矢跨比、杆件截面面积和节点体积。 相似文献
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In this paper we focus on ways to provide individualized services to people with mobility challenges using existing modes of public transport. We study the design of an interesting case, in which a bus operating in a public transport route may diverge from its nominal path to pick-up passengers with limited mobility and drop them off at their destination. We have modeled the design problem by a mixed integer-linear program, and we developed an exact Branch and Price approach to solve it to optimality. The proposed approach includes a labeling algorithm in which we introduced appropriate dominance rules, which do not compromise optimality. We have compared the efficiency of our approach with that of related algorithms from the literature. Furthermore, we have used the proposed approach to study key aspects of the system design problem, such as the effect of various constraints on the service level, and the tuning of the system’s parameters to address different transport environments. 相似文献
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We estimate flight-level price elasticities using a database of online prices and seat map displays. In contrast to market-level and route-level elasticities reported in the literature, flight-level elasticities can forecast responses in demand due to day-to-day price fluctuations. Knowing how elasticities vary by flight and booking characteristics and in response to competitors’ pricing actions allows airlines to design better promotions. It also allows policy makers the ability to evaluate the impacts of proposed tax increases or time-of-day congestion pricing policies. Our elasticity results show how airlines can design optimal promotions by considering not only which departure dates should be targeted, but also which days of the week customers should be allowed to purchase. Additionally, we show how elasticities can be used by carriers to strategically match a subset of their competitors’ sale fares. Methodologically, we use an approach that corrects for price endogeneity; failure to do so results in biased estimates and incorrect pricing recommendations. Using an instrumental variable approach to address this problem we find a set of valid instruments that can be used in future studies of air travel demand. We conclude by describing how our approach contributes to the literature, by offering an approach to estimate flight-level demand elasticities that the research community needs as an input to more advanced optimization models that integrate demand forecasting, price optimization, and revenue optimization models. 相似文献
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建设工程文件是指在工程活动过程中直接形成的、具有保存和查考价值的、各种形式与载体的真实记录,与工程资料有本质区别.阐述了工程文件与工程资料区别的关键点.分析了目前两种概念混淆的现状,并深入分析了4种衍生的错误观点. 相似文献