Intermodal Transit System Coordination

In urban areas where transit demand is widely spread, passengers may be served by an intermodal transit system, consisting of a rail transit line (or a bus rapid transit route) and a number of feeder routes connecting at different transfer stations. In such a system, passengers may need one or more transfers to complete their journey. Therefore, scheduling vehicles operating in the system with special attention to reduce transfer time can contribute significantly to service quality improvements. Schedule synchronization may significantly reduce transfer delays at transfer stations where various routes interconnect. Since vehicle arrivals are stochastic, slack time allowances in vehicle schedules may be desirable to reduce the probability of missed connections. An objective total cost function, including supplier and user costs, is formulated for optimizing the coordination of a general intermodal transit network. A four-stage procedure is developed for determining the optimal coordination status among routes at every transfer station. Considering stochastic feeder vehicle arrivals at transfer stations, the slack times of coordinated routes are optimized, by balancing the savings from transfer delays and additional cost from slack delays and operating costs. The model thus developed is used to optimize the coordination of an intermodal transit network, while the impact of a range of factors on coordination (e.g., demand, standard deviation of vehicle arrival times, etc) is examined.     

贵阳市西南环线二期总体方案

贵阳市西南环线二期位于城市中心区东南部,地形起伏大,属于旧路拓宽改建项目。针对项目特点,对总体思路、方案布置等方面进行了介绍,为类似山区城市道路方案研究提供参考。     

对海事依法行政有关问题的思考

中国的改革开放是一场史无前例的“摸着石头过河”的大试验。依法行政也有“摸着石头过河”的感觉。马列主义是关于实践的科学,从实践的角度来认识与思考依法行政,对提高依法行政水平更具有现实性。     

Dynamic demand estimation and microscopic traffic simulation of a university campus transportation network

Abstract

This article documents the authors' experience with the modeling, simulation, and analysis of a university transportation system, using the TRansportation ANalysis and SIMulation System (TRANSIMS). The processes of data preparation and network coding are described, followed by the algorithm developed to estimate the dynamic 24-hour demand, which includes a procedure for estimating the ‘desirability’ of the different parking lots from readily available data. The dynamic demand estimation algorithm is validated by comparing estimated and observed parking lot occupancies, where it is shown that the algorithm is capable of replicating observed results. Finally, an example is included to demonstrate how the developed model can be used in campus transportation planning. Besides serving as a first case study for using TRANSIMS to model a university campus, the study's contributions include the development of a procedure for parking lot desirability ranking and a practical procedure for estimating dynamic demand on university campuses.     

The effect of slow zones on ridership: An analysis of the Chicago Transit Authority “El” Blue Line

Transit agencies frequently upgrade rail tracks to bring the system to a state of good repair (SGR) and to improve the speed and reliability of urban rail transit service. For safety during construction, agencies establish slow zones in which trains must reduce speed. Slow zones create delays and schedule disruptions that result in customer dissatisfaction and discontinued use of transit, either temporarily or permanently. While transit agencies are understandably concerned about the possible negative effects of slow zones, empirical research has not specifically examined the relationship between slow zones and ridership. This paper partially fills that gap. Using data collected from the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) Customer Experience Survey, CTA Slow Zone Maps, and, the Automatic Fare Collection System (AFC), it examines whether recurring service delays due to slow zones affect transit rider behavior and if the transit loyalty programs, such as smart card systems, increase or decrease rider defections. Findings suggest that slow zones increase headway deviation which reduces ridership. Smart card customers are more sensitive to slow zones as they are more likely to stop using transit as a result of delay. The findings of this paper have two major policy implications for transit agencies: (1) loyalty card users, often the most reliable source of revenue, are most at risk for defection during construction and (2) it is critical to minimize construction disruptions and delays in the long run by maintaining state of good repair. The results of this paper can likely be used as the basis for supporting immediate funding requests to bring the system to an acceptable state of good repair as well as stimulating ideas about funding reform for transit.     

锚下有效预应力检测取值的试验研究

锚下有效预应力为评价预应力施加是否合格的关键技术指标,但检测方法并不统一,检测的可靠性、准确性尚不明确。通过对工程界常用的拐点法、最小应力跟踪法和夹片位移法进行理论分析和试验分析,夹片位移法最适用于锚下有效预应力的检测,而拐点法检测误差及重复性均不满足需要,最小应力跟踪法应慎重使用,可作为工程界进行锚下有效预应力检测的参考依据。     

双控道岔联系电路的设计与实现

在个别站场间,为节省占地面积或受其他因素制约,两站的联锁区是由一组双动道岔隔开。若其中一站为计算机联锁控制,另一站为6502电气集中控制,依据相关设计规范,设计出一套计算机联锁车站与6502电气集中车站利用渡线隔开时的结合电路。该结合电路安全可靠,未改变原有电路定型结构。经过联锁模拟实验,该设计方案合理可行。     

新形势下高校家庭经济困难学生认定与资助模式的探讨

家庭经济困难学生认定是高校助学工作的基础。当前认定方法和认定工作中存在着信息虚假、缺乏统一标准、侵犯受资助人隐私等问题。为改变传统的资助模式,文章提出了构建以有偿性资助为主的资助新模式,新资助模式有助于降低认定成本,保护家庭经济困难学生的心理健康以及提高效率。     

真理标准问题大讨论与党的理论建设

1978年开展的真理标准问题大讨论是中国近代史上的三次思想解放运动之一。这场讨论鲜明地批判了"两个凡是"的错误观点,提出了实践是检验真理的唯一标准,明确了对待马克思主义、毛泽东思想的正确态度。大讨论重新确立了解放思想、实事求是的思想路线,为党的十一届三中全会、改革开放奠定了正确的政治路线和组织路线,对中国特色社会主义理念体系的形成,特别是邓小平理论的提出有着深远的历史意义。继承和发扬大讨论过程中的那种大胆探索、勇于开拓的精神,对于以改革创新精神不断完善党的理论建设,推进中国特色社会主义事业前进具有重大意义。     

动画人本思维之生态环境探究

在设计盛行“以人为本”的观念下，本文探讨了动画创作领域有关人之本体的几个问题。第一：解读动画创作中“受众”与“受众相关者”，阐释两者在人本观构建中的的重要性。第二：论文进而讨论了受众与受众相关者发生关系的形式。第三：探讨了在何种“生态环境”的特定条件下，动画才能更好的实现“以人为本”的基本原则。