船舶电站锅炉汽包的吊带约束处理方法探讨

以船舶电站锅炉汽包含吊带和不合吊带模型为例,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对其相应的部位节点上的应力进行比较分析．结果发现：含吊带模型和不合吊带模型在不考虑重力作用时受力基本相同,可以视为等效．从而为运用有限元分析相关的锅炉汽包具体模型提供了一种思路．     

有限元分析中三维体元和梁元的非节点连接

在对三维体元任一点移动和转动分析的基础上,导出了体元和梁元恰当连接应满足的多点约束方程,通过直接代入梁元的单元分析进行自由度替换实现了体梁的良好连接.本文方法对体元和梁元的连接形式具有较强的适应能力,应用方便,算例表明具有较高的数值精度.     

The effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in shipbuilding structural steels

In this paper, the effect of plastic constraint on the initiation of ductile tears in four different shipbuilding structural steels has been experimentally studied by measuring the J-integral and crack opening displacement COD at initiation in three-point bend specimens with deep and shallow notches. Experimental results of seven groups of different strength alloy steels show that both Si and Ji values of ductile tear from the shallow crack specimens which have less constraint flow field are significantly higher than those of deeply notched specimens. Slip-line-field analysis shows that, for shallow crack, the hydrostatic stress is lower than that from standard deeply cracked bend specimen, which develops a high level of crack tip constraint, provides a lower bound estimate of toughness, and will ensure an unduly conservative approach when applied to structural defects, especially if initiation values of COD and J-integral are used.     

周期运行图编制模型与算法研究

在周期运行的运输组织模式下,所有列车在车站到发都是周期循环发生的。将安排列车运行线的问题看作周期事件安排问题,并借助周期约束图及周期势差模型,可以建立周期运行图网络模型。模型充分考虑到列车不同情况下的停站时间、到发安全间隔等各项周期约束,并将列车的总停留时间最小作为目标函数。当约束图顶点和弧的数量众多时,模型的求解将比较困难。通过选择合适的约束图生成树,找到变量的合理取值范围,并对模型进行一些预先简化处理,可以降低模型的求解难度。最后求解一个区段不同列车开行方案的周期运行图,验证模型的可行性。     

车辆—轨道系统高中低频动力学模型的理论特征及其应用范围的研究

针对铁路在提速和高速发展中碰到的车辆—轨道系统的结构磨损加剧、关键部件疲劳破坏和噪声等问题,提出必须进行车辆—轨道系统高中低频范围的动力学模型研究。根据激扰的差异及其波长范围,针对车辆—轨道系统动力学在低频、中频和高频3个范围内存在问题的性质,建立符合研究要求的车辆模型、轨道模型和轮轨接触模型,并采用合理的数学方法求解。认为以车辆—轨道系统的频率特征为基础,进行完整的车辆—轨道系统动力学研究,可以有效研究车辆—轨道系统的短时动力学和长期行为之间的关系。     

津滨轻轨常用跨度桥梁结构型式的选择

津滨轻轨工程近 40km采用高架桥梁 ,选定合理的桥梁结构型式至关重要。根据工程及现场的实际情况 ,明确桥型选择原则 ,同时提出 7种桥型结构 ,分别论述其各自的技术特点 ;并结合地基基础实际情况 ,全面进行技术经济比较 ,提出推荐的桥梁结构类型     

基于成本与时间约束的组合运输方案选择研究

运输方案的选择对于生产企业实现合理化运输具有重要意义。考虑总成本最小化目标,基于能力约束建立了组合运输方案选择模型。在此基础上,分别建立了存在时间效应和货物运输紧急程度情况下的决策模型,并运用LINGO 8.0软件对以上模型进行了求解,得出了最优的组合运输方案;然后进行了实例分析,并根据企业对成本和时间效应的不同侧重作了灵敏度分析。结果表明,随着成本权重的增加,运输方案将趋向选择低成本的运输方案组合;运输方案的组合具有一定的区间稳定性;在相同参数变动下,紧急货物的运输方案组合比普通货物更具有区间稳定性。     

Use of combinatorial auctions in the railway industry: Can the “invisible hand” draw the railway timetable?

Rail capacity is currently administratively allocated in Europe, whereas the economic literature has often contemplated the opportunity of introducing market mechanisms, auctions in particular, into this industry. This article tries to fill the gap between practice and theory. It first describes the properties of rail capacity (rigidity and non-homogeneity) and shows that because of its very nature, this capacity must be allocated through combinatorial auctions. As identified by the economic literature, using combinatorial auctions introduces a lot of complexity (winner determination and information burden) into the allocation process. To deal with this complexity, some form of centralized planning is necessary to design the right market mechanisms and to allocate capacity. This could have strong consequences on the current deregulation process.     

Is the provision of park-and-ride facilities at light rail stations an effective approach to reducing vehicle kilometers traveled in a US context?

Park-and-Ride (PNR) facilities are a commonly used means of making a transit system more widely available. However, given that a PNR passenger must drive for part of the trip, this approach to transit provision has an ambiguous influence on vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT). The impact of PNR on VKT is highly dependent of how PNR users would choose to travel if the PNR facilities were not available. Given that this issue has received little attention in a US context, we use the light rail system in Charlotte, North Carolina as a case study to examine the potential impact of PNR removal on VKT. Using a travel survey of PNR passengers, we estimate the VKT currently generated while driving to and from the rail stations and then estimate how VKT would change under various PNR removal scenarios that assume different behavioral responses. We find that, under the most realistic scenarios, PNR removal would lead the average PNR passenger to increase her driving by 8–15 VKT per round trip.     

Breakthrough innovations in intermodal freight transport

Breakthrough innovations, whether technological, organizational or both, are a necessity if the market share of intermodal freight transport is to expand. The main growth potential lies in the markets for flows over short distances, for perishable and high-value commodities, for small consignments, and for flows that demand speed, reliability and flexibility. It will take radical innovations to produce a breakthrough in the modal split and allow these new markets to be conquered. This special issue is based on papers presented at an international conference on freight transport automation and multimodality, held in Delft in May 2002, that are illustrative of the direction of breakthrough research and development (R&D) aimed at increasing the market share for intermodal transport.