吉隆坡安邦轻轨轨道工程施工技术与装备研究

吉隆坡安邦轻轨延伸线轨道工程技术条件复杂,曲线多、半径小,应用城市轨道交通130 m小半径曲线无砟轨道施工技术与装备,解决无枕式130 m小半径曲线无砟轨道施工技术难题,总结小半径曲线轨排的组装工艺,实现复杂断面多规格道床模板的架设,高精度、高质量、高效率地完成安邦线轨道工程施工。     

基于SE-DEA的城市轨道交通线网规划方案优选

城市轨道交通线网规划初始方案的选择是城市规划者与建设者应予以重视的关键问题。针对已有研究方法中所存在的不足,提出一种基于超效率数据包络分析(SE-DEA)的轨道交通线网方案比选方法,构建城市轨道交通线网方案的综合评价指标体系并有效筛选出决策单元的输入输出指标。结合某市轨道交通线网规划方案进行实证研究,模型所测结果与该市主推线网方案一致,验证方法的可行性与有效性。所提出的方法依据方案间的相对效率,对预选方案进行优劣性排序,可为城市管理者提供决策依据。     

跨座式单轨交通的认识误区分析及发展展望

跨座式单轨是一种优良的中运量轨道交通系统制式,具有环保性能好、景观效果好、地形适应能力强、投资低、建设周期短、占地少等优点,也存在冰雪天气适应能力差、牵引能耗高的缺点,部分人士对跨座式单轨在橡胶粉尘、疏散救援、运营安全、运营成本、适应范围、景观影响和土地开发等方面存在认识误区。对上述缺点及认识误区一一进行释疑,并分析跨座式单轨未获广泛推广的原因,进一步针对我国城市轨道交通发展现状、存在问题、国家政策导向进行分析,提出随着城市轨道交通发展阶段的转变,应消除对跨座式单轨的认识误区,在其适应范围内大力推广,促进我国城市轨道交通的可持续发展。     

一种改进的十字交叉轨道扣件定位方法

针对传统的十字交叉定位法对轨道扣件区域定位不准确,对图像要求较高,需要特定角度的光照采集才能实现扣件定位,定位过程较慢等问题,提出一种改进的十字交叉定位法对其进行定位。通过对其图像中扣件的初步位置判断定位,然后用中值滤波的图像增强,Canny算子的边缘提取,灰度投影的判断来提高定位准确性,加快定位速率,通过实验表明,改进的定位方法能够很好解决光照采集角度、快速有效的定位和判断出扣件,实现对扣件区域的初定位。     

基于模式预测法的城市轨道噪声影响研究

为研究城市轨道交通高架线两侧噪声传播特点与规律,探索声环境敏感点的降噪防治措施,以拟建成都地铁5号线工程为研究对象,选取适合的预测模式,确定出各个技术参数并模拟计算出噪声预测结果,通过类似既有上海轨道5号线工程的大量实测数据有效验证了预测结果的正确性和可靠性。在此基础上的研究结果表明:水平方向上桥梁两侧声影区内,噪声级随着距离增加而增强;而在声照区内,噪声级则随距离的增加而减弱。垂直方向上高架线噪声影响最严重区域为周边建筑物5层楼附近,因此要特别关注并加强该区域的降噪治理工作。     

纵向轨枕式无砟轨道界面裂缝对轨道力学性能的影响

纵向轨枕轨道结构改用预制混凝土纵梁连续支撑的结构设计,故预制轨枕与道床板的新旧混凝土界面是结构稳定分析不可回避的因素。为了分析新旧混凝土界面对整体结构的影响,并为纵向轨枕式无砟轨道设计提供相关参考,通过建立纵向轨枕式无砟轨道的二维有限元计算模型进行研究。结果表明:纵向轨枕式无砟轨道在列车荷载和温度变化作用下,轨枕与道床板界面附近会出现纵向裂缝,并裂缝加快扩展。界面裂缝对轨道内部应力分布影响很大,对钢轨扭转有一定影响。     

Standardization of capacity unit for headway-based rail capacity analysis

Determining the required capacity upgrades to accommodate future demand is a critical process in assisting public and private financing of capacity investments. Conventional railway systems usually operate multiple types of trains on the same track. These different types of trains can exert substantially different capacity impact, and can cause serious operational conflicts. In the past, rail line capacity is commonly defined as the maximum number of trains that can be operated on a section of track within a given time period. However, a specific unit (trains/hr or trains/day) does not reflect the heterogeneity of train types. According to the concept of base train equivalents (BTE) and base train unit (BTU), this study developed headway-based models to determine BTE for transforming different train types into a standard unit (i.e., BTU). An approximate method for lines with three and more types of trains was also proposed to compute BTEs for non-base trains. Results from the case studies demonstrate that this method enables the standardization of rail capacity unit, facilitates assessment of the impact from heterogeneous trains, and allows comparison and evaluation of the capacity measurements from different lines and systems.     

轨道交通梁式桥BIM辅助设计软件开发研究

为了满足轨道交通桥梁设计中的专业计算和建模需求,解决BIM桥梁正向设计实施困难的问题,结合轨道交通项目梁式桥的设计流程和操作习惯,提出以数据为依托的参数化解决方案。选取Bentley公司的Microstation软件进行轨道交通梁式桥设计程序开发,所开发的程序具有地质和线路专业资料获取、桥梁墩台及基础等构件管理、孔跨布置、墩台计算、一键式BIM模型创建、一键式计算和工程量清单输出等功能,为轨道交通桥梁BIM正向设计提供了有效的工具支撑。     

Applications of transport economics and imperfect competition

The great majority of analyses made in transport economics use, explicitly or, more often, implicitly, the common assumption of perfect competition. This is the case, for instance, when infrastructure projects are evaluated using the mere sum of the surpluses of transport users and providers. Even when putting aside the question of externalities such as noise, safety or environmental quality, the real chain of economic interactions that takes place in transport provision or downstream of transport provision is not taken into account. Surely enough, describing and simulating this chain could be quite complex. Nevertheless, it is not uninteresting to try to estimate if it does make a big difference or not to make this approximation. The paper makes such an attempt for two broad kinds of applications of transport economics:     

Life cycle assessment of High Speed Rail in China

China has built the world’s largest High Speed Rail (HSR) network. Its environmental impacts have been examined by the means of life cycle assessment (LCA) which describes the whole picture of the HSR system instead of single stages, with a case study for the high-speed railway that links Beijing and Shanghai. The research employs the China-specific life cycle inventory database Chinese Core Life Cycle Database (CLCD). Vehicle operation dominates most impact categories, while vehicle manufacturing/maintenance/disposal and infrastructure construction contribute mostly to mineral consumption (43% and 38%) and organic compounds in water (54% for infrastructure construction). Several scenarios are developed to explore effects of changes in HSR development, utilization, electricity mix, and infrastructure planning and construction. Suggestions are provided for improving the life cycle environmental performance of China’s HSR systems.