Increasing urban tram system efficiency,with battery storage and electric vehicle charging

This paper examines the possible placement of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) on an urban tram system for the purpose of exploring potential increases in operating efficiency through the examination of different locations for battery energy storage. Further, the paper suggests the utilisation of Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries at existing Park and Ride (P&R) sites as a means of achieving additional energy storage at these locations. The study achieves this through MATLAB modelling utilising captured GPS data and publically available information. This study examines the scenario of uni-directional substations with no interconnection between the overhead catenary for both directions of travel, and discusses the trade-offs between ESS size and required current limits.The results show the savings in both energy and basic CO₂ emissions alongside the discussion of Return on Investment (RoI) that can be achieved through the potential installation of ESS at identified ideal locations along the tram network. Moreover, this may be extended to the use of EVs as stationary ESS sited at the existing P&R facilities. Further, the model may also be used to inform future infrastructure upgrades and potential improvements to air quality within urban environments.     

公共自行车与轨道交通换乘效率评价指标体系

为了更好的发挥公共交通作用,作者研究了公共自行车与轨道交通协调换乘问题。针对公共自行车与轨道交通换乘效率低下的现状,分析了选择公共自行车换乘轨道交通的影响因素,依据出行者需求从方便快捷、安全、舒适、费用四个方面构建了换乘效率的评价体系。运用层次分析法,确定在B+R换乘过程中,方便快捷的重要性最大。此外,对评价体系的若干指标进行了权重验算,通过计算模型的一致性检验,表明构建的层次结构模型与所建立的指标间的判断矩阵都满足要求。     

钢管混凝土拱桥钢管初应力自动化监测与控制

为了解利用斜拉扣索调整钢管初应力的可行性,以六律邕江特大桥(计算跨径265 m的钢管混凝土拱桥)为背景,进行钢管混凝土拱桥钢管初应力自动化监测与控制技术研究。首先建立钢管初应力自动化监测系统,实现钢管初应力数据实时自动化采集;然后基于测试数据得到钢管初应力度并分析,确定最危险截面钢管初应力的发展历程;最后基于影响线原理,确定斜拉扣索预留位置,分析张拉斜拉扣索调整钢管初应力的效果。结果表明:大桥钢管初应力度最大为0.48(8号钢管拱顶位置),满足规范要求;钢管初应力度沿断面和拱轴线分布不均匀;钢管自重和混凝土灌注引起的钢管初应力占比约为6∶4;在混凝土灌注阶段,单组扣索能够调整约6 MPa的初应力,调整幅度约15%,验证了利用斜拉扣索对钢管初应力进行调整的有效性。     

城市轨道交通60 kg/m钢轨12号单开道岔设计研究

北京新机场线是时速160 km的城市轨道交通线路,相较于普通城市轨道交通线路,具有列车轴重大、速度高、通过地段复杂多样等特点,有必要对其道岔系统进行专门研究。研究的重点为道岔平面线型、结构构造、轨下基础及工电结合部等几个方面。研究结果:采用60AT2尖轨并设置轨底坡或轨顶坡,提高了列车经过岔区时的平稳性和旅客的乘座舒适度;采用镶嵌翼轨式合金钢组合辙叉提高了辙叉使用寿命,减小了养护维修量;采用不同刚度的板下弹性垫层,实现了城市轨道交通道岔岔区的刚度均匀化及整体低刚度化,有效降低了岔区的振动噪声。     

高速铁路弹条疲劳对其扣压力的影响

高速铁路弹条长期在循环荷载作用下工作,不可避免地出现疲劳,弹条的疲劳将对其扣压力产生影响。本文以WJ-7型扣件弹条为例,首先对弹条进行静力试验分析,运用应变电测法测量出弹条在不同的安装预紧力作用下其危险部位的等效应力大小,得出弹条较为合理的安装预紧力为25 kN;然后使用疲劳试验机对弹条施加3种循环荷载分析其扣压力的损失,并根据疲劳试验结果给出了不同循环荷载作用下弹条扣压力与弹条中圈位移间的关系式。     

A carbon footprint analysis of railway sleepers in the United Kingdom

This paper provides an assessment of the lifecycle Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions associated with the four most common sleeper (railroad tie or cross-tie in North America) types present in the UK rail network. It estimates the embodied material, process and transport emissions linked with the lifecycle activities of construction, relay/renewal and end-of-life of these variants at low and high traffic tonnage. The analysis suggests that at low traffic loads, the softwood sleepers perform the best over the whole simulated-period. At high traffic loads, the concrete sleepers outperform all other variants in terms of lifecycle CO₂e emissions, followed by hardwood, softwood and steel. Regardless of the scenario examined, the steel sleepers perform the worst due to the carbon intensive nature of their manufacturing process. This performance gap is amplified at high traffic loads, as their service life is excessively compromised. The analysis reveals that the end-of-life pathway of timber is a critical determinant of its footprint. Results suggest that the impact of disposing of these sleepers results in their footprint being magnified. Nevertheless, if a minimum of 50% follows the combustion pathway with subsequent heat recuperation, then a GHG reduction potential of between 11% and 18% of their footprint is feasible. From a whole-lifecycle cost lens, for higher tonnage routes, the choice of concrete sleepers results in considerable financial savings. If the infrastructure manager was to install sleepers with stiff under sleeper pads (USPs), it may achieve additional economic and GHG savings, with potential for increasing the latter using recycled carbon-neutral USPs.     

Impacts of rail transit access on land and housing values in China: a quantitative synthesis

ABSTRACT

Rail transit investment has been viewed as a prominent policy instrument for local and regional development. However, little is known about to what extent the theorised changes in land and housing values arising from rail transit access can be substantiated by evidence in a large developing country context. This paper presents a quantitative review of empirical studies that analysed the impacts of rail transit access on land and housing values in China. We review empirical analyses in 67 studies from 1997 to 2018 for which we encode quantitative results along with a range of theoretically combinations of spatially contextual characteristics, data and methodological-design characteristics. The results show that there are significant variations in the size estimates of effects of rail transit access across studies. Such variations are associated with rail project types, data and methodological designs. Our study provides the insights on what has already been known and what needs to be known on evaluating real estate consequences of rail transit improvements in developing countries.     

Impact analysis of climate change on rail systems for adaptation planning: A UK case

Climate change poses critical challenges for rail infrastructure and operations. However, the systematic analysis of climate risks and the associated costs of tackling them, particularly from a quantitative perspective, is still at an embryonic phase due to the kaleidoscopic nature of climate change impacts and lack of precise climatic data. To cope with such challenges, an advanced Fuzzy Bayesian Reasoning (FBR) model is applied in this paper to understand climate threats of the railway system. This model ranks climate risks under high uncertainty in data and comprehensively evaluates these risks by taking account of infrastructure resilience and specific aspects of severity of consequence. Through conducting a nationwide survey on the British railway system, it dissects the status quo of primary climate risks. The survey implies that the top potential climate threats are heavy precipitation and floods. The primary risks caused by the climate threats are bridges collapsing and bridge foundation damage due to flooding and landslips. The findings can aid transport planners to prioritise climate risks and develop rational adaptation measures and strategies.     

城市轨道交通全自动运行系统外场测试方案研究

城市轨道交通全自动运行系统外场测试研究目前尚处于探索阶段,为了系统研究全自动运行外场测试功能需求和选址条件,以南宁地铁5号线为例,介绍外场测试的概念和主要内容,从工期方面分析外场测试的必要性,提出各专业外场测试功能需求。针对不同测试条件提出外场测试设置于车辆基地试车线、正线三站两区间、异地试验线3种方案,分析3种方案的测试设施和场地条件,并从工期、投资等方面比较3种方案的优缺点。通过分析,鉴于南宁5号线车辆基地试车线受限、异地试验线投资较高,建议采用正线三站两区间进行外场测试。外场测试方案的选择应从工期、投资、线路和场地条件等方面综合考虑,上述研究对今后城市轨道交通全自动运行系统的建设和调试有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

城市轨道车辆障碍物及脱轨自动检测系统故障分析及优化措施

当城市轨道车辆障碍物及脱轨自动检测系统发生故障时,可能造成正线运营中的城市轨道车辆触发紧急制动而停车,给城市轨道交通运营带来极大负面影响.针对检测系统存在的电源失效、传感器故障、记录缺失等现象,详细分析原因,并给出优化措施.对检测系统采取优化措施后,可靠性大幅提升,再未发生以上问题,同时为维修保障团队提供便利的分析、处...