Assessment of schedule-based and frequency-based assignment models for strategic and operational planning of high-speed rail services

Despite some substantial limitations in the simulation of low-frequency scheduled services, frequency-based (FB) assignment models are by far the most widely used in practice. They are less expensive to build and less demanding from the computational viewpoint with respect to schedule-based (SB) models, as they require neither explicit simulation of the timetable (on the supply side), nor segmentation of OD matrices by desired departure/arrival time (on the demand side).The objective of this paper is to assess to what extent the lack of modeling capabilities of FB models is acceptable, and, on the other hand, the cases in which such approximations are substantial and more detailed SB models are needed. This is a first attempt to shed light on the trade-off between (frequency-based) model inaccuracy and (scheduled-based) model development costs in the field of long-distance (e.g. High-speed Rail, HSR) service modeling.To this aim, we considered two modeling specifications estimated using mixed Revealed Preferences (RP) and Stated Preferences (SP) surveys and validated with respect to the same case study. Starting from an observed (baseline) scenario, we artificially altered the demand distributions (uniform vs. time-varying demand) and the supply configuration (i.e. train departure times), and analyzed the differences in modal split estimates and flows on individual trains, using the two different model specifications.It resulted that when the demand distribution is uniform within the period of analysis, such differences are significant only when departure times of trains are strongly unevenly spaced in time. In such cases, the difference in modal shares, using FB w.r.t. SB, is in the range of [0%, +5%] meaning that FB models tend to overestimate HSR modal shares. When the demand distribution is not uniform, the difference in modal shares, using FB w.r.t. SB, is in the range of [−10%, +10%] meaning that FB models can overestimate or underestimate HSR modal shares, depending on timetable settings with respect to travelers’ desired departure times. The differences in on-board train flow estimates are more substantial in both cases of uniform and not uniform demand distribution.     

钢轨波浪形磨损研究

钢轨波浪形磨损（简称钢轨波磨）是车辆与轨道结构激烈振动并产生噪声的主要因素之一，不仅影响旅客乘坐舒适度和装运货物的完好，而且缩短结构部件的使用寿命。结合试验，采用车辆一轨道耦合动力学理论、轮轨三维非赫兹滚动接触理论、材料摩擦磨损理论和塑性理论，研究钢轨波浪形磨损的形成和发展机理。主要研究内容如下。     

基于ADAMS的列车系统参数化建模的二次开发研究

近年来许多学者开始利用虚拟样机技术来研究列车系统的动态性能,但是由于列车模型的复杂性,所建模型都比实际模型简化了许多。鉴于此,对铁道车辆模块ADAMS/Rail进行了二次开发研究,在该模块中添加了大量的车体、转向架、轨道的各种模板,并且建立了列车系统参数化建模的对话框,以及各种用来参数化仿真研究的对话框,开发出了基于该模块的列车系统参数化建模专用模块。最后通过实例建模说明了利用该模块建模过程更加简单快捷,所建模型更加完善。     

铆螺母在机车上的应用技术

铆螺母是一种新型连接紧固件,文章介绍了铆螺母的类型和特点,以及现阶段铆螺母在机车上的应用情况,并与六角焊接螺母的性能进行对比分析,指出铆螺母在机车上应用的优越性。     

钢轨闪光焊焊接接头轨面横向裂纹成因分析

针对秦沈线17处钢轨闪光焊焊接接头轨面产生的横向裂纹,通过在伤损部位取样,分别进行洛氏硬度、金相组织和显微硬度等试验,结合焊轨生产的实际,分析裂纹形成原因。认为所检闪光焊焊接接头的裂纹起源于钢轨表面的白亮层马氏体组织,并在外力作用下扩展进入正常的珠光体组织区域,裂纹深度达到5mm。研究钢轨精磨方式与焊缝凸起之间的关系,得出:对矫直后具有明显焊缝凸起的焊接接头进行精磨时有可能因打磨中进刀量过大,引起钢轨局部机械热损伤,造成局部金属的急速高温和急速冷却,形成高硬度的脆性白亮层马氏体组织,是导致焊接接头轨面产生裂纹的根本原因。建议进一步研究钢轨焊接生产打磨工艺规范以及客运专线铁路钢轨的预打磨规范,避免钢轨及焊接接头出现马氏体组织。     

Optimization of curving performance of rail vehicles

The curving performance of a transit rail vehicle model with 21 degrees of freedom is optimized using a combination of multibody dynamics and a genetic algorithm (GA). The design optimization is to search for optimal design variables so that the noise or wear, arising from misalignment of the wheelsets with the track, is reduced to a minimum level during curve negotiations with flange contact forces guiding the rail vehicle. The objective function is a weighted combination of angle of attack on wheelsets and ratios of lateral to vertical forces on wheels. Using the combination of the GA and a multibody dynamics modelling program, A'GEM, the generation of governing equations of motion for complex nonlinear dynamic rail vehicle models and the search for global optimal design variables can be carried out automatically. To demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed approach of using the combination of multibody dynamics and GAs, the numerical simulation results of the optimization are offered, the selected objective function is justified, and the sensitivity analysis of different design parameters and different design parameter sets on curving performance is performed. Numerical results show that compared with suspension and inertial parameter sets, the geometric parameter set has the most significant effect on curving performance.     

提高铁路信号施工工艺确保铁路信号系统运行质量

铁路信号施工工艺质量直接关系到铁路运输安全。在施工中通常存在电缆工程、轨旁信号设施与钢轨连接、轨道电路补偿电容的安装及电磁兼容、防雷、接地等方面的问题。针对上述问题,采用结构合理、密封性好、寿命长的免维护型地下电缆接续盒和高精度的专用打孔具;要求室内电缆不出现环状布置,屏蔽要可靠地屏蔽连接或接地。同时提高铁路信号施工行业内对施工工艺重要性的认识,制定完善、具体、统一的施工工艺标准,加强监督管理。     

无绝缘轨道电路道碴电阻测试方法的研究

针对已往轨道电路参数测量方法均需要停止轨道电路工作的弊端,以UM71无绝缘轨道电路为例,提出了一种方便、简捷的道碴电阻测量方法,即查表测试法,编制了道碴电阻测试表。为了方便查表法的应用,设计了道碴电阻测试查询软件。     

U71Mn钢轨低温性能试验研究

对包钢产U71Mn成分钢种进行了低温系列冲击试验、低温拉伸试验、低温断裂韧度试验,分析讨论了冲击值与低温韧脆转变温度的关系和化学成分、试验温度对强度、塑性以及断裂韧性的影响。试验结果表明,青藏铁路使用中下限成分的U71Mn钢轨,可提高钢轨安全使用性能,满足青藏铁路格拉段低温环境的需要。     

城市轨道交通专用电话系统的应用及发展

本文详细分析、描述了城市轨道交通专用电话系统现有的组网方式、系统功能及技术特点,并对其发展方向进行了深入的探讨。