铁路32 m混凝土简支箱梁结构噪声试验研究

以32 m单线和双线单室混凝土简支箱梁为对象,通过噪声试验、结构有限元和声学有限元分析,研究箱梁结构噪声的声辐射特性、峰值频率产生的原因及评价方法.结果表明:列车通过桥梁时,离箱梁表面较远处的噪声级起伏不大,可采用稳态算法简化分析;混凝土箱梁的结构噪声主要分布在250 Hz以下,且随频率的增加而迅速衰减,因此理论预测时可将250 Hz作为截止频率;单线和双线箱梁的2个噪声峰值频率分别为63和160 Hz,以及50和315 Hz,二者均在第1个峰值频率处达到最大声压级,且此峰值频率处的噪声具有明显的有调性;不同箱室尺寸箱梁的结构噪声声辐射差异较大,车速并不是噪声的第一决定因素;混凝土箱梁结构噪声的峰值频率出现在声辐射效率和振动响应均较大处,因此应避免结构振动模态和空腔声学模态重合而导致空腔共鸣引起的噪声被放大;建议修订铁路噪声相关规范时,考虑混凝土箱梁低频结构噪声的危害.     

无砟轨道用CA砂浆材料的技术经济性能分析

我国京津城际铁路首次采用博格板式无砟轨道,无砟轨道的混凝土底座和轨道板之间采用具有弹性的CA砂浆垫层,该垫层的选料、配制和施工是板式无砟轨道的核心技术之一,对保证轨道线路的平整度和安全运行起到重要作用。此文针对使用CA砂浆的重要性,阐述CA砂浆的配比设计原则和原材料的选用,论述CA砂浆在硬化过程中强度形成机理及影响强度的主要因素。同时对配制和使用CA砂浆的经济性能进行分析,对CA砂浆施工质量提出建议。     

谈高速铁路黄土隧道CRD法施工中的几个问题

为了研究长段落大断面黄土隧道CRD法开挖安全问题,依托郑州至西安高速铁路工程实例,开展地表及初期支护沉降量测,临时支护内力及拆除临时支护过程的沉降、内力变化测试分析。研究结果表明:CRD法能保证大断面黄土隧道的开挖安全;砂质黄土浅埋段地表沉降值多在20cm以上;临时竖撑横向摆幅达9.8cm;逐榀拆除临时支护时拱部下沉2mm,拆除范围大于1倍隧道开挖宽度时,拱部下沉增长显著,达到拆除前下沉量的40%。研究结论:设计中应加强临时横竖撑刚度;相比三台阶法,CRD法不利于仰拱尽快封闭而控制最终沉降,地表沉降控制效果不明显;控制拆撑长度。     

西康高铁引入安康铁路枢纽方案研究

线路引入枢纽方案是铁路选线的一大重点,尤其是对于比较复杂的枢纽而言。为了研究西康高铁引入安康铁路枢纽的合理方案,运用逐层深入、从宏观到微观的分析方法以及多种方案综合比选手段,从项目功能定位入手,在仔细分析安康铁路枢纽概况、安康市城市总体规划及交通规划、枢纽客运量的基础上,首先对西、中、东三个线路走向方案从技术经济角度比选论证,得出推荐中线方案;然后针对中线方案,研究引入既有安康站和新设安康北站两个方案,得出推荐新设安康北站方案;最后针对动车存车场选址研究站对左、站同右两个方案,得出推荐站对左方案。本次研究提出了"线路+站场"组合思路。     

新型快餐盒对铁路沿线污染动态及使用性能试验的调查分析

为了消除铁路沿线的白色垃圾污染，铁道部对不可降解的餐盒进行了更新换代。本文通过对餐盒的污染动态试验和使用性能调查对新型快餐盒进行了筛选。结果为：污染动态试验２种类型的新型快餐盒污染曲线呈下降趋势，纸制餐盒尤其明显。而对照线、自线对照的污染曲线则呈上升趋势。使用性能试验按照５０％的满意程度，只有ｄ厂餐车工作人员的满意率没达到一半，其余各厂均达到和超过了５０％。说明就目前质量的餐盒使用，是可以被大多数人接受。从餐盒评价的排序结果来看，纸制品餐盒是最受使用部门欢迎的。     

郑万高速铁路小三峡隧道选线分析

铁路选线应结合地形地貌、不良地质、工程条件、工程造价、施工及运营风险等“全寿命周期”进行综合比较。本文在充分吸取复杂艰险山区减灾选线经验的基础上,以郑万高速铁路最长、最复杂的小三峡隧道为工程背景,开展隧道穿齐耀山背斜岩溶地质发育地段的选线研究,并创新提出“三维地质选线”方法,即隧道平面选线、隧道纵断面选线和隧道横断面选线,供类似项目参考借鉴。     

大型船舶平面分段智能车间的物流系统

目前,车间级的物流系统调度问题研究主要通过信息采集和现场监控解决,并没有通过优化算法进行实际分析。本文主要研究大型船舶平面分段智能车间的工件、物流设备的调度问题。首先将平面分段中的不同工位进行重组,同时将天车和卡车进行并行处理。其次引入有阻塞的混合流水线车间调度模型,搭建大型船舶平面分段智能车间物流系统的数学模型。最终基于粒子群优化算法(PSO),计算部件加工时间最短的数值仿真。     

200 km/h客货共线铁路主跨216 m连续刚构桥总体设计及技术创新

南三龙铁路合福联络线闽江特大桥主桥为(118+216+118)m预应力混凝土连续刚构,为国内已建和在建项目中主跨最大的高等级铁路连续刚构桥。随着预应力混凝土刚构跨度增大,桥梁的刚度以及混凝土的后期徐变控制成为设计难点。从方案比选到主梁设计,介绍本桥的设计思路以及体外索的设置等关键技术,并研究3种车型通过桥梁时车桥耦合动力效应。结果表明:本桥各项指标均满足规范要求,并留有适当的安全储备,具有良好的动力特性,列车通过桥梁时安全性和乘坐舒适性均满足要求。     

Hybrid cyclicity: Combining the benefits of cyclic and non-cyclic timetables

We propose a new type of timetable that would combine both the regularity of the cyclic timetables and the flexibility of the non-cyclic ones. In order to do so, several combinations of the two timetables are considered. The regularity is incorporated in their design and the flexibility is evaluated using the passenger satisfaction (in monetary units). Each of the tested timetables is constructed using the Passenger Centric Train Timetabling Problem (PCTTP), that is solved using a simulated annealing heuristic. Note that the PCTTP, unlike the traditional Train Timetabling Problem (TTP), does not take into account the conflicts among trains. The aim of the PCTTP is to design such timetables that the passengers’ satisfaction is maximized and it remains the aim of the TTP to remove any potential conflicts. The performance of each of the considered timetables is assessed on the real network of Israeli Railways. The results of the case study show that our proposed hybrid cyclic timetable can provide the benefits of the cyclic and the non-cyclic timetable simultaneously. This timetable consists of 75% of cyclic trains (securing the regularity of the service) and of 25% of non-cyclic trains (deployed as supplementary trains during the peak hours and capturing the demand fluctuation). The level of the passenger satisfaction of the hybrid cyclic timetable is similar to the level of the non-cyclic one, which has about 18.5% of improvement as compared to the purely cyclic one.     

A framework to evaluate policy options for supporting electric vehicles in urban freight transport

Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered as a feasible alternative to traditional vehicles. Few studies have addressed the impacts of policies supporting EVs in urban freight transport. To cast light on this topic, we established a framework combining an optimization model with economic analysis to determine the optimal behavior of an individual delivery service provider company and social impacts (e.g., externalities and welfare) in response to policies designed to support EVs, such as purchase subsidy, limited access (zone fee) to congestion/low-emission zones with exemptions for EVs, and vehicle taxes with exemptions for EVs. Numerical experiments showed that the zone fee can increase the company’s total logistics costs but improve the social welfare. It greatly reduced the external cost inside the congestion/low-emission zone with a high population, dense pollution, and heavy traffic. The vehicle taxes and subsidy were found to have the same influence on the company and society, although they have different effects with low tax/subsidy rates because their different effects on vehicle routing plans. Finally, we performed a sensitivity analysis. Local factors at the company and city levels (e.g., types of vehicle and transport network) are also important to designing efficient policies for urban logistics that support EVs.