Lifecycle modeling and assessment of unmanned aerial vehicles (Drones) CO2e emissions

There are no studies that model the potential effectiveness of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones to reduce CO₂e lifecycle (including both utilization and vehicle phase) emissions when compared to conventional diesel vans, electric trucks, electric vans, and tricycles. This study presents a novel analysis of lifecycle UAV and ground commercial vehicles CO₂e emissions. Different route and customer configurations are modeled analytically. Utilizing real-word data, tradeoffs and comparative advantages of UAVs are discussed. Breakeven points for operational emissions are obtained and the results clearly indicate that UAVs are more CO₂e efficient, for small payloads, than conventional diesel vans in a per-distance basis. Drastically different results are obtained when customers can be grouped in a delivery route. UAV deliveries are not more CO₂e efficient than tricycle or electric van delivery services if a few customers can be grouped in a route. Vehicle phase CO₂e emissions for UAVs are significant and must be taken into account. Ground vehicles are more efficient when comparing vehicles production and disposal emissions per delivery.     

Sequencing twin automated stacking cranes in a block at automated container terminal

In the considered automated container terminal (ACT) that is designed for Shanghai Yangsha Terminal, two automated stacking cranes (ASCs) are configured for each block and they interact with automated lifting vehicles (ALVs) at the two ends of a block individually. To increase the capacity, container yards with multiple rows of blocks perpendicular to the terminal’s shoreline are considered. To utilize the yard spaces, the twin ASCs are devised to share the same tracks installed at the two sides of a block, while interferences between the ASCs challenge the routing and sequencing operations. To isolate the control and simplify the coordination of the two ASCs, the interference between ASCs is formulated by analyzing the minimal temporal intervals between any two tasks. Three models are then established to sequence the container handling tasks under the minimization of the makespan. An exact algorithm and a genetic algorithm are designed to solve the problem. Numerical experiments show that the algorithms are competitive comparing to on-the-shelf solvers. Practical implications are investigated based on the formulations and experimental results. The managerial implications and technological aspects of applying the formulations and algorithms to practical situations to real-world ACTs are discussed.     

Railway transportation as a source of soil pollution

Surface soil (0–10 cm) samples from 60 sampling sites along the length of railway tracks on the territory of Srem (the western part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, itself part of Serbia) were collected and analyzed for seven polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and ten heavy metals in order to see how the distance from the railroad affects the concentration of some organic and inorganic pollutants in the soil. Samples were taken at a distance of 0.03–4.19 km from the railway. For the soil extraction was used USEPA 3540S method. The extracts were purified on a silica-gel column (USEPA 3630C). The analysis of the extracts was performed by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. PCBs were not detected only at two locations. Mean total concentration of PCBs for all other sampling locations was 0.0043 ppm dry weight (dw) with a range of 0.0005–0.0227 ppm dw. According to values of Nemerow pollution index Cu, Co, Zn and Ni were the most ubiquitous heavy metals in the area near railroad. Based on these results, it can be said that railway transport is a potential source of PCBs and some heavy metals.     

建"标、包、考"新机制促站段经营管理水平再提高

针对铁路改革的严峻形势，分析了当前基层站段生产管理经营面临的难题，从建新机制，强基础管理的角度，提出了解决生产成本控制，提高生产经营管理水平的基本方法。     

DMIS 日班列车工作计划生成系统的设计与实现

在分析日班列车工作计划内容基础上,提出其计算机生成系统应具备基本数据维护与管理、开行计划编辑录入和自动生成调度命令的功能,满足信息实时处理、安全可靠、灵活方便的基本原则。根据面向对象方法,将系统设计为计划输入、合成、显示、分解和查询五大功能模块,通过合理组合,方便地将日班计划快捷发布、下达到基层各车站、机务段和派班室等相关部门。现场实际应用结果表明,该系统极大地提高了铁路分局日班列车计划下达的及时性和准确性。     

GPS/DR/GIS技术在基于GSM-R列车监控系统中应用

列车监控系统是IRS(智能铁路系统 )的主要组成部分。阐述了列车监控系统的基本组成。着重介绍了GPS/DR组合定位以及GIS在列车定位和监控中的作用 ,并探讨了用GSM R移动通信网实现GPS定位数据传输的有效性     

采用前沿技术开发铁路线路AutoCAD辅助设计软件

鉴于目前如数字高程模型(DEM)、高清网络地图等各种高新前沿技术在铁路线路设计中的应用,迫切需要线路辅助设计软件与时俱进引入相关技术,通过对相关高新前沿技术的深入研究成功开发了相关软件,软件应用了许多高新前沿技术,很好地解决了线路设计及软件开发中的难点问题,经实践证明本软件具有技术先进、使用高效的优点。     

武九客运专线铁路(82+154+88)m矮塔斜拉桥设计

武汉至九江客运专线铁路西南下行联络线特大桥主桥采用(82+154+88)m矮塔斜拉桥跨越3条既有铁路。通过对矮塔斜拉桥结构形式、主梁构造、桥塔及斜拉索锚固型式、施工方法等进行设计研究,得出如下结论:桥梁满足功能性要求;新型抗滑鞍座能够起到有效锚固作用;转体施工降低了对铁路运营的干扰;桥梁各项指标均满足相关规范的要求。     

太原铁路枢纽高铁供电运行探讨

随着太原铁路枢纽融入高速铁路网,枢纽内高铁列车数量大量增加,但枢纽内高铁接触网仍由榆次变电所、太北变电所这两座既有普速铁路牵引变电所供电。为保证高铁的供电可靠性,结合太原铁路枢纽内线路及牵引供电设施布置,分析在牵引变电设备各种故障情况下如何快速恢复供电。在榆次或太北牵引变电所发生全所停电故障时,对几个可以实现的越区供电方案进行供电能力计算和比较,提出推荐的越区供电方案。通过良好的供电故障恢复方案,能极大地提高太原铁路枢纽内供电故障恢复速度和高铁列车供电的可靠性。     

广深港客运专线隧道下穿地铁施工安全分析

针对广深港客运专线某隧道下穿地铁3号线工程,采用数值模拟与现场监测的方法,研究客运专线隧道下穿既有地铁线路施工的安全性。利用三维强度折减法,对三维数值模拟模型进行计算得到整体安全系数。研究结果表明:当采用三台阶法施工时,既有地铁隧道结构竖向位移为5.4 mm,与监测结果较吻合,满足运营要求;整体模型安全系数为3.78,夹岩保持稳定。根据计算与监测结果可知:近接工程安全。最后,提出相应设计对策,应采取管棚作为预支护措施、旋喷桩改良地层、复合式衬砌结构,采用控制爆破开挖减少对地层破坏,支护早封闭勤量测。