Conflict Resolution through Negotiation in a Railway Open Access Market: a Multi-agent System Approach

Abstract

Open access reforms to railway regulations allow multiple train operators to provide rail services on a common infrastructure. As railway operations are now independently managed by different stakeholders, conflicts in operations may arise, and there have been attempts to derive an effective access charge regime so that these conflicts may be resolved. One approach is by direct negotiation between the infrastructure manager and the train service providers. Despite the substantial literature on the topic, few consider the benefits of employing computer simulation as an evaluation tool for railway operational activities such as access pricing. This article proposes a multi-agent system (MAS) framework for the railway open market and demonstrates its feasibility by modelling the negotiation between an infrastructure provider and a train service operator. Empirical results show that the model is capable of resolving operational conflicts according to market demand.     

Residential density and transportation emissions: Examining the connection by addressing spatial autocorrelation and self-selection

This paper examines the effect of residential density on CO₂ equivalent from automobile using more specific emission factors based on vehicle and trip characteristics, and by addressing problems of spatial autocorrelation and self-selection. Drawing on the 2006 Puget Sound Regional Council Household Activity Survey data, the 2005 parcel and building database, the 2000 US Census data, and emission factors estimated using the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator, we analyze the influence of residential density on road-based transportation emissions. In addition, a Bayesian multilevel model with spatial random effects and instrumental variables is employed to control for spatial autocorrelation and self-selection. The results indicate that the effect of residential density on transportation emissions is influenced by spatial correlation and self-selection. Our results still show, however, that increasing residential density leads to a significant reduction in transportation emissions.     

A structural equation model of activity participation and travel behavior using longitudinal data

Abstract

This paper presents a dynamic structural equation model (SEM) that explicitly addresses complicated causal relationships among socio-demographics, activity participation, and travel behavior. The model assumes that activity participation and travel patterns in the current year are affected by those in previous years. Using the longitudinal dataset collected from Puget sound transportation panel ‘wave 3’ and ‘wave 4,’ these assumptions are tested with suggested SEMs. Within each wave, the model is structured to have a three-level causal relationship that describes interactions among endogenous variables under time-budget constraints. The resulting coefficients representing the activity durations indicate that people tend to allocate their time according to the importance and the obligation of the activity level. Results from the dynamic SEM confirm the fact that people's current activity and travel behavior do have effects on those in the future. The resulting model also shows that activity participation and travel behavior in ‘wave 3’ are closely related to those in ‘wave 4.’ These explicit explanations of relationships among variables could provide important perspectives in the activity-based approach which becomes recognized as a better analytical tool for the transportation planning and policy making process.     

铁路罐车容积检定装置期间核查方法的探讨

根据JJF 1069—2012《法定计量检定机构考核规范》要求,结合计量标准铁路罐车容积检定装置的实际使用情况,对铁路罐车容积检定装置包含的套管尺、钢卷尺和超声波测厚仪3种计量标准器的期间核查程序、要求和方法进行探讨。     

厦深铁路对汕尾市公路客运的影响研究及发展策略探讨

为研究铁路对公路客运的影响,从出行者偏好和运输方式特性出发,选取安全性、经济性等7项指标确定运输产品的效用值,对传统的Logit模型特征函数求解进行了改进,基于旅客出行行为和意向调查数据,结合层次分析法和可能满意度法对分担率模型进行求解.与典型方法和调查结果进行对比分析表明,改进后的Logit模型在样本量较小的情况下比较简便有效.利用二次曲线时间序列法和改进的分担率模型,计算出未来2年内公路客运量将同比减少56%,铁路和公路的客流分担率分别为56%和44%.可见,厦深铁路的开通将对汕尾公路客运产生较严重的冲击.最后通过SWOT战略分析对公路客运的发展提出几点建议.      

中铁银通卡在京津城际高速铁路的应用

中铁银通卡是中国铁路总公司与中国银行联合发行的实名预付费卡,是中国铁路为了提高客运服务质量提出的一种新型的电子支付模式和乘车手段.2012年5月,中铁银通卡首先在京津城际高速铁路试点使用.本文就中铁银通卡的试点情况进行相关介绍,重点介绍中铁银通卡在京津城际的管理模式、业务流程和应用现状.     

高速铁路客运服务系统故障分析与维修管理

高速铁路客运服务系统(简称高铁客服系统)不间断正常运行,确保旅客便捷进站、候车、乘车、出站,提升铁路客运服务质量具有十分重要的意义.本文以南昌铁路局为例,分析了高铁客服系统故障原因以及设备、标准、管理等方面存在的不足,并就完善高铁客服系统和改进维修管理提出了相应的改进建议.     

铁路综合视频监控系统图像增强研究

在全数字铁路视频监控基础上,综合行业特点和应用需求的综合视频监控系统成为新的研究热点,并已在青藏铁路拉萨段、京津高速铁路中成功运用.综合视频监控范围包括运输、安监、公安系统等.对于运输系统,需要对岔道线等处安装摄像机,以提供实时图像信息,为铁道沿线安全诊断提供依据.现有的沿线监控采用视频分析技术,对运动目标进行跟踪处理,而对固物研究较少.通过将图像处理方法引入视频监控系统,结合计算机辅助处理,自动定位异物侵线,从而可以达到线路安全自动监测的目的.图像处理中一个重要的环节是图像增强,本文重点研究了铁路岔道图像增强方法.     

神朔铁路分公司行车固定设备生产管理信息系统的设计与实现

为适应神朔铁路高密度和重载运输的需求,神朔铁路分公司研发了“神朔铁路分公司行车固定设备生产管理信息系统”.根据行车固定设备生产管理的业务要求,系统涉及神朔铁路分公司、运输段、领工区和工区等4级用户,需要采集设备的台账数据、检修数据和空间数据.系统的建设将有计划、按周期地对行车固定设备进行更新和维修,满足神朔铁路运输生产的需要,为确保行车固定设备的正常运用提供技术手段.本文主要针对该系统的系统设计和功能实现两个方面的内容进行了讨论,介绍了该系统设计的具体方法和展示已实现的部分功能.     

对《动态称量轨道衡》计量性能修订建议的试验分析

针对JJG234—1990《动态称量轨道衡》的计量性能修订建议,使用规定的检定条件﹑检定方法对若干台自动轨道衡进行试验分析,处理试验的数据,分析试验结果,用试验数据证明试验方法的可行性。