A survey of wheel–rail contact models for rail vehicles

Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel–rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel–rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel–rail interaction.     

A new shared control for lane keeping and road departure prevention

In recent years, the driver's active assistances have become important features in commercialised vehicles. In this paper, we present one of these features which consists of an advanced driver assistance system for lane keeping. A thorough analysis of its performance and stability with respect to variations in driver behaviour will be given. Firstly, the lateral control model based on visual preview is established and the kinematics model based on visual preview, including speed and other factors, is used to calculate the lateral error and direction error. Secondly, and according to the characteristics of the lateral control, an efficient strategy of intelligent electric vehicle lateral mode is proposed. The integration of the vehicle current lateral error and direction error is chosen as the parameter of the sliding mode switching function to design the sliding surface. The control variables are adjusted according to the fuzzy control rules to ensure that they meet the existence and reaching condition. A new fuzzy logic-based switching strategy with an efficient control law is also proposed to ensure a level of continuous and variable sharing according to the state of the driver and the vehicle positioning on the roadway. The proposed control law acts either at the centre of the lane, as a lane keeping assistance system to reduce the driver's workload for long trips, or as a lane departure avoidance system that intervenes for unintended lane departures. Simulation results are included in this paper to explain this concept.     

一种无变频器式舰船交流电力推进系统稳态特性分析

为提高舰船电力推进系统功率密度,降低振动噪声,提出了一种基于永磁同步电机的无变频器式舰船交流电力推进系统。该系统将永磁同步电机作为推进电机,原动机与电励磁发电机直连,发电机与推进电机通过电缆直连。通过原动机调速实现推进电机转速调节,通过发电机励磁调节实现推进电机电压调节。建立了该电力推进系统静态数学模型,推导了系统主要电气量与发电机励磁电流及推进电机负载转矩间的函数关系,分析了系统的静态稳定性条件,分析了不同转速工况下和电机参数匹配条件下各电气量随发电机励磁电流的变化规律。数字仿真结果验证了所建立的静态数学模型及理论分析结果的准确性。     

汽车电气故障诊断的流程与分析方法（I）

对汽车故障、汽车故障诊断和汽车故障诊断标准进行了重新定义,详细介绍汽车电气故障诊断的一般流程与分析方法,结合汽车故障诊断仪、汽车示波器、汽车万用表等仪器设备的使用操作、测试数据分析与电路分析,一一举例加以说明。     

浅析电动汽车中的再生制动

电动汽车可以实现再生制动。本文对变频器再生制动的原理、应用进行详细的阐述,并通过仿真加以证明。     

从汽车整车电气原理到2D线束的转化设计

以某SUV汽车线束设计为例,阐述了从汽车整车电气原理到2D线束转化设计的一般流程、设计原则、原材料的选取、线束保护设计以及2D线束图的绘制等。把汽车电气原理设计、3D模拟仿真设计和2D线束设计连贯起来形成同一思路,避免线束在工作和装配中出现冲突、干涉等不良现象。     

混合动力客车用发动机ISG电机总成的台架测试系统

为满足混合动力客车动力系统的需要,开发一套基于CAN总线测控的台架测试系统,在台架上可实现混合动力客车用"发动机ISG"总成的工况测试。     

电动汽车技术发展趋势及前景（下）

4燃料电池电动汽车 早在1839年．英国人格罗孚就提出了氢和氧反应发电的原理。20世纪60年代,研发出了液氢和液氧发电的燃料电池．由美国UTC公司首先用于航天和军事用途。近20年来．由于石油危机和大气污染日趋严重．以质子交换膜为代表的燃料电池技术．受到世界各国普遍重视。各大汽车公司纷纷投入巨资．研发出了各种类型的燃料电池电动汽车（FCEV）．     

并联混合动力轿车系统开发与试验匹配研究

采用基于超级电容的设计方案开发了单轴并联式混合动力轿车,对发动机、ISG电机、超级电容等零部件进行选型.研究了并联混合动力轿车动力系统的控制策略,优化匹配了发动机和电机的转矩分配,实现了混合动力节能并降低了排放.进行了混合动力系统的启动和怠速优化试验,实现了混合动力各个工况的控制参数的优化匹配,降低了启动污染物的排放,提高了燃油经济性.     

基于光电导航无人驾驶电动汽车自动寻迹控制系统研究

在轮毂电机驱动电动汽车技术的基础上,采用光电传感器自动辨识行驶路径,利用车辆行驶预瞄理论,开发了无人驾驶汽车自动寻迹行驶控制系统.试验表明,该系统稳定性好、控制精度高和响应速度快.