苏州高新区有轨电车路中高架车站建筑设计探讨

有轨电车系统具备开放式运营、车上售检票、车站无人值守、客流量小、行车间隔长、低地板短编组等特点,其高架车站的设计若严格套用城市轨道交通相关规范的规定,势必会增大车站土建规模,增加机电设备系统。文章提出应针对有轨电车系统的特性,在保证运营安全和使用功能的前提下,将进出站天桥直接与站台对接,设置平交过轨通道连接两侧站台,降低车站整体高度,减化车站功能,缩小车站规模,保证车站通透性,降低车站的安全隐患,节省工程投资。     

High-Speed Rail Operations on an Existing Network: An Assessment Model for China

High-speed rail operations have the potential to reduce the long-term decline in rail passenger travel demand for the medium to long distance inter-urban markets. Such decline has been evident through most of the industrialized countries where air and road transport tend to be the dominant modes. In China, the operations of long distance high-speed rail on fully dedicated track is not very easy to implement, due to the high proportion of passengers who travel between high-speed and conventional railways. An alternative approach would be to allow for mixed operations with trains of various speeds on the same track. This article puts forward a simulation model designed to allow an evaluation of the most efficient distance for high-speed rail operations under mixed train speed scenarios. The model takes into account the main operating parameters such as passenger volumes, train speeds, capital and maintenance costs, train operating costs and energy consumption. The distance of high-speed train running on conventional rail that will yield the most economic benefit can be estimated using the model. The article includes the results of using the model for a specific example. It is concluded that large-scale high-speed trains have the potential to be successfully operated on conventional rail networks.     

新形势下提升高校党政办公室工作水平初探

文章首先阐述了办公室在高校发展建设中的地位和作用,并从工作任务繁重、工作创新不够、人员专业化程度不高等方面指出了当前高校办公室存在的主要问题,从树立"以人为本"服务理念、打造专业化管理队伍、建立规范的管理制度、构建现代化管理平台等方面提出高校办公室的建设策略     

高速铁路隧道无砟轨道上拱整治技术研究

近年来,我国交通建设迅猛发展,复杂艰险山区铁路隧道工程规模庞大,为降低维修养护成本,满足高速铁路运营安全及乘客舒适度的需要,隧道内采用大量的无砟轨道结构,但仰拱施工仍然延续以前的施工生产模式,时有隧底积水、虚砟、欠挖等施工质量缺陷,导致无砟轨道结构开裂、上拱、下沉等病害,严重影响列车运营安全。依托某运营高速铁路隧道,为解决无砟轨道结构上拱的病害,采用现场调查、物探及钻探验证的方法,查明仰拱及填充厚度不足、隧底积水是导致病害段轨道几何位移的主要原因;根据病害段实际情况,采取限速45 km/h、锚杆加固隧道边墙、切断钢轨及道床板(保留支承层)后,设置短轨并利用两端既有的道床板支承层及仰拱填充架设钢垫梁,分段拆换仰拱、填充及支承层,分段现浇道床板,恢复轨道结构,实现隧底病害的彻底整治。     

京张高铁八达岭长城站清污排水分离系统设计

京张高铁八达岭长城地下车站埋深达102 m,车站具有规模大、洞室群复杂、周边环境敏感的特点。基于保护生态环境的绿色设计理念,创新性提出地下车站清污排水分离系统的设计概念。详细介绍车站包括进、出站通道、站台层及设备用房的特殊结构布置形式,对站内各部位排水排放量进行分析计算,并结合各部位结构特点进行针对性的排水设计。考虑清水系统经过防排水措施的有效疏导,再经过排水管路、管沟自行排出车站;污水系统采用真空抽排方式提升至室外污水压力井;废水汇入通道楼扶梯下集水坑及废水泵房提升至室外废水压力井,在排水过程中清水与污废水排放路径达到完全分离,达到了清水可利用、污废水可纳入市政的环保目的。     

构造应力场中层状围岩隧道动力响应数值分析

层状岩层的横观各向同性使得振动波在岩层中沿着不同方向传播时,质点的振动特性有着一定的差异。以我国西南地区某高海拔山区单向公路隧道的全断面爆破掘进为研究背景,利用FLAC 3D软件对构造应力场中均质围岩及倾角不同的层状围岩在隧道爆破开挖过程中的变形、振动速度进行研究。研究结果表明,隧道开挖爆破后,洞周岩体变形不对称式分布,左、右拱腰部位变形最大,均质围岩洞周各部位变形在5种模型中相对较小;爆源距相同时,层状围岩左、右测点的x向振动速度均大于上、下测点的z向振动速度;断层破碎带、层理结构面对于振动波的传播既有消振又有聚振的作用,与断层破碎带和层理结构面的产状、空间关系及振动波相对结构面入射角度有关。     

Response of the Black Sea mean level to atmospheric pressure and wind forcing

The response of the Black Sea mean level to atmospheric pressure (AP) and wind forcing is investigated using 5 years of TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P hereafter) data. A coherence analysis is first applied to mean sea level and pressure to examine the validity of the inverse barometer (IB) approximation over this area. As expected, it reveals very significant deviations from an IB response attributed to the narrowness of the Bosphorus Strait and its limiting role in water exchanges. A comparison is drawn with the Mediterranean Sea case. A single basin version of the Candela analytical model [Candela, J., 1991. The Gibraltar Strait and its role in the dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 15, 267–300], which takes linear friction at the strait into account, is then used. The model explains a significant part of the T/P mean sea level variance (about 30%, while the IB correction only explains 5% of its variance) and provides a means to correct the altimeter data for the pressure effect much better than the standard IB effect. The response of the mean sea level to wind forcing is then analysed. Coherence analysis between sea level and along-strait wind stress (WS) reveals a significant coherence at periods ranging from 40 to 100 days, with an almost steady phase of 270°. This result is confirmed with a multiple coherence analysis (mean sea level vs. WS and AP). A plausible mechanism is a piling-up of water at the northern or southern end of the strait due to along-strait wind forcing. The associated along-strait pressure gradient would modify the barotropic flow in the strait and then the mean sea level. Using an extension of the Candela model, we show that this mechanism is consistent with T/P mean sea level observations.     

霍尔油位传感器的应用设计

目前,油位传感器普遍采用铍青铜电刷加厚膜电阻形式,作为一类技术成熟的油位传感器,有着无可比拟的价格和技术优势,虽在行业中占据主导地位,但这种传感器也有难以克服的缺陷,在正常通电状态下一般很难达到预期的设计寿命。随着油价上涨,劣质汽油流入市场,汽油中硫磷等腐蚀性物质对厚膜电阻腐蚀严重;耐乙醇汽油的丁晴橡胶浮子在生产过程中残留有硫元素,溶解在汽油中会腐蚀厚膜电阻,这两方面是导致油位传感器使用寿命降低的关键因素。     

高铁客站建筑结构初步设计安全评价导则研究

在介绍高铁客站建筑结构初步设计安全评价研究背景的基础上,论述高铁客站安全评价导则研究的主要内容,包括评价方法的选择和评价指标的设计,提出高铁客站建筑结构初步设计3个层次的评价指标。从风险界定、风险辨识、风险评估、风险等级确定、风险控制、安全评价分数、安全评价结果判定和安全评价报告等方面,阐述安全评价导则的实施步骤。     

阳安线路基病害调查分析及增建二线设计原则

阳平关至安康铁路全线穿越136.4km膨胀土分布区,由于建设年代早,对膨胀土认识缺乏经验,建成通车后既有线在运营过程中路堤、路堑边坡和路基基床部位不断发生病害,详细介绍沿线各种路基病害的分布段落、病害类型,从气象环境、地层岩性、大气降水等多个方面分析路基病害的形成机理。增建第二线时,避绕了易发生病害的区段,优化了二线的选线方案,通过借鉴既有线路基病害整治经验,提出了膨胀土地区路基的设计原则。