集装箱码头卸船作业调度方案的两阶段禁忌搜索算法

为提高集装箱码头卸船作业效率,建立了堆存位置-集卡调度一体优化模型,设计了集装箱码头卸船作业调度方案两阶段禁忌搜索算法。在第一阶段,通过禁忌搜索算法决定集装箱的堆存位置;在第二阶段,基于堆存方案执行另一禁忌搜索算法,获得集卡的优化调度方案,然后再计算卸船时间,且将结果反馈到第一阶段的搜索过程,通过两阶段搜索过程的反馈优化卸船调度方案。计算结果表明两阶段禁忌搜索算法可以平均减少卸船作业时间6.78%,结果稳定。     

港口物流集疏运系统网络结构优化分析

贸易的全球化对港口物流提出了越来越高的要求,而畅通无阻的集疏运网络是提高码头效率和效益的关键.本文通过对港口物流集疏运系统的分析,阐述了集疏运系统对港口物流效率发挥的重要作用,并针对集疏运网络这一环节,借鉴双层规划模型和网络流理论,结合港口网络配流的特征,建立0-1整数规划模型,以最小物流成本为基础平衡货流量,优化港口集疏运网络结构.     

Multi-level condition-based maintenance planning for railway infrastructures – A scenario-based chance-constrained approach

This paper develops a multi-level decision making approach for the optimal planning of maintenance operations of railway infrastructures, which are composed of multiple components divided into basic units for maintenance. Scenario-based chance-constrained Model Predictive Control (MPC) is used at the high level to determine an optimal long-term component-wise intervention plan for a railway infrastructure, and the Time Instant Optimization (TIO) approach is applied to transform the MPC optimization problem with both continuous and integer decision variables into a nonlinear continuous optimization problem. The middle-level problem determines the allocation of time slots for the maintenance interventions suggested at the high level to optimize the trade-off between traffic disruption and the setup cost of maintenance slots. Based on the high-level intervention plan, the low-level problem determines the optimal clustering of the basic units to be treated by a maintenance agent, subject to the time limit imposed by the maintenance slots. The proposed approach is applied to the optimal treatment of squats, with real data from the Eindhoven-Weert line in the Dutch railway network.     

On particulate emissions from moving trains in a tunnel environment

Increasing attention is being paid to airborne particles in railway environments because of their potential to adversely affect health. In this study, we investigate the contribution of moving trains to both the concentration and size distribution of particles in tunnel environments. Real-time measurements were taken with high time-resolution instruments at a railway station platform in a tunnel in Stockholm in January 2013. The results show that individual trains stopping and starting at the platform substantially elevate the particulate concentrations with a mobility diameter greater than 100 nm. Two size modes of the particulate number concentrations were obtained. A mode of around 170 nm occurs when a train moves, while the other mode peaks at about 30 nm when there is no train in the station. By using principal component analysis (PCA), three contributing sources were identified on the basis of the classification of the sizes of the particles, namely railway-related mechanical wear, suspension due to the movement of trains and sparking of electric-powered components. It is concluded that the particulate matter released by individual moving trains is a key contributor to fine particles (100–500 nm) on the railway platform in a tunnel.     

基于GIS的兰新铁路沿线风沙灾害致灾成因分析及评价

风沙灾害地域性强,具有防治难度大、周期长等特点。为减轻风沙灾害对铁路的危害,以兰新铁路沿线的遥感数据和实测数据为基础,利用层次分析法确定风速、植被、海拔、坡向、干燥度、地表粗糙度与风沙灾害的权重关系,并采用多因子评价模型对兰新铁路沿线风沙灾害易发性进行评估。研究结果表明:风沙灾害评价中,植被指标作用最为显著,其次为风力;风沙灾害重度区主要位于阿拉山口、达坂城、百里风区和烟墩风区,中度区主要位于精河县境内临近艾比湖区域;与近50年兰新铁路沿线风沙灾害发育情况相比,分析结果具有较好的一致性。     

高速铁路隧道台阶法施工技术参数分析与应用

隧道台阶法施工因其适应性较强而受业界青睐,但高速铁路大断面隧道台阶法施工技术要素的合理选取有待深入分析论证。文章试图通过建立三维数值计算模型,综合分析多种围岩条件下不同台阶要素对洞室稳定性的影响,以期为台阶长度、高度及上断面扁平度等重要参数的选取提供理论支撑;并通过西南艰险山区高速铁路隧道工程实践证实了其科学可靠性。     

物流配送车辆路线求解算法

为进一步降低日益复杂的物流配送成本, 通过对物流配送网络系统分析, 提出更为接近实际的三层次物流配送网络结构。针对第二层次车辆路线问题(VRP)网络模型, 运用四叉树原理进行客户分区, 使用两阶段启发式算法优化车辆行驶路线, 采用C语言编程实现了算法设计。运用模拟数据通过LINGO程序仿真测试, 显示该算法计算结果与LINGO计算结果相同, 而计算时间大幅度降低, 说明了该算法快速、有效。     

Guidance for new policy developments on railway noise and vibration

Noise and vibration are two of the main problems associated with railways in residential areas. To ensure quality of life and well-being of inhabitants living in the vicinity of railway paths, it is important to evaluate, understand, control and regulate railway noise and vibration. Much attention has been focused on the impact of noise from railway traffic but the consideration of railway-induced vibration has often been neglected. This paper aims to provide policy guidance based on results obtained from the analyses of relationships estimated from ordinal logit models between human response, railway noise exposure and railway vibration exposure. This was achieved using data from case studies comprised of face-to-face interviews (N = 931), internal vibration measurements (N = 755), and noise calculations (N = 688) collected within the study “Human Response to Vibration in Residential Environments” by the University of Salford, UK. Firstly, the implications of neglecting vibration in railway noise policies are investigated. The findings suggest that it is important to account for railway induced vibrations in future noise and transport policies, as neglecting vibrations results in an underestimation of people highly annoyed by noise. Secondly, implications of neglecting different types of railway sources are presented. It was found that the impact of noise and vibration form maintenance operations should be better understood and should be taken into account when assessing the environmental impact of railways in residential environments. Finally, factors that were found to influence railway vibration annoyance are presented and expressed as weightings. The data shows that factors specific to a particular residential area should also be taken into account in future vibration policies as the literature shows that attitudinal, socio-demographic and situational factors have a large influence on vibration annoyance responses. This work will be of interest to researchers and environmental health practitioners involved in the assessment of vibration complaints, as well as to policy makers, planners and consultants involved in the design of buildings and railways.     

Development of hybrid optimization of train schedules model for N-track rail corridors

From a capacity perspective, efficient utilization of a railway corridor has two main objectives; avoidance of schedule conflicts, and finding a proper balance between capacity utilization and level of service (LOS). There are several timetable tools and commercial rail simulation packages available to assist in reaching these objectives, but few of them offer both automatic train conflict resolution and automatic timetable management features for the different types of corridor configurations. This research presents a new rescheduling model to address some of the current limitations. The multi-objective linear programming (LP) model is called “Hybrid Optimization of Train Schedules” (HOTS), and it works together with commercial rail simulation tools to improve capacity utilization or LOS metrics. The HOTS model uses both conflict resolution and timetable compression techniques and is applicable to single-, double-, and multiple-track corridors (N-track networks), using both directional and bi-directional operations. This paper presents the approach, formulation and data requirements for the HOTS model. Single and multi-track case studies test and demonstrate the model’s train conflict resolution and timetable compression capabilities, and the model’s results are validated by using RailSys simulation package. The HOTS model performs well in each tested scenario, providing comparable results (either improved or similar) to the commercial packages.     

Formalizing a subset of ERTMS/ETCS specifications for verification purposes

ERTMS is the standard railway control-command and signaling system which aims to ensure railway interoperability throughout Europe while enhancing safety and competitiveness. ERTMS is composed of two main subsystems which include GSM-R, a radio system for enabling communication between the train and the traffic management center and ETCS, an automatic train protection system (ATP) to replace the existing national ATP systems. The ERTMS specifications are defined by means of standard documents which set out the requirements ensuring interoperability. These documents evolve regularly to give rise to successive versions. The ERTMS/ETCS standard defines different levels and operation modes according to various trackside and onboard setups and some operational conditions. Given the complexity and the high criticality of railway operation, verification and validation (V&V) are crucial tasks in railway application development.In this paper, after setting the background and the motivations, a mechanizable formalization of a subset of ERTMS/ETCS specifications relative to ETCS modes and transitions is developed. The present work aims to offer a readily available model for formal V&V. Using formal techniques to check SRS is highly recommended to tackle the complexity of the defined requirements and prevent specification errors. Model-checking technique, which is targeted here, offers exhaustive analysis of the system behavior based on its model and is highly automated, since it is supported by software tools. Based on the last available version of SRS specifications, a progressive process is undertaken to get a formal model which makes explicit the various modes characterized by their respective active functions, as well as the numerous combinations of conditions for switching between modes. The various steps guiding the translation of the SRS literal specifications into a formal model are explained. As will be shown through different examples, the obtained model is a convenient basis to check safety, interoperability and liveness properties.