Fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control for the automobiles’ active suspension system

Two typical criteria for good vehicle suspension performance are their ability to provide good road handling and increased passenger comfort. The main disturbance affecting these two criteria is terrain irregularities. Active suspension control systems reduce these undesirable effects by isolating car body motion from vibrations at the wheels. This paper describes fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) schemes for the automobile active suspension system (ASS). The design objective is to provide smooth vertical motion so as to achieve the road holding and riding comfort over a wide range of road profiles. The efficacy of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated via simulations. With respect to the optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR), it is shown that superior results have been achieved by the AFC.     

Prediction of wheel wear in urban railway transport: comparison of existing models

One of the most important maintenance costs in tramway transport comes from wear of wheel profiles. In the highly competitive railway market, the prediction of wear is then a major concern of the constructors. In this article, we present and compare four models well adapted to tramway conditions, involving contacts on the rolling tread and on the flange with very different sliding and pressure conditions. Moreover, all models can be implemented from the natural outputs of the railway simulation packages classically used in industry for the dynamics design of the vehicles. The first one, proposed by Jendel, is based on the well-known Archard's wear model. Enblom continues Jendel's approach by taking into account the contribution of wheel deformation on the sliding velocity. The last two models, developed by Zobory, and Pearce and Sherratt, determine the wear from the energy dissipation in the contact area. The models are first compared on a theoretical basis and, for that purpose, are rewritten in a common form. Two cases are distinguished: mild wear as arising on the rolling tread and severe wear as arising on the flange. The models are also compared in the practical case of an urban transport vehicle running on circular tracks with different curve radii. Although the models show equivalent trends according to the theoretical study, important discrepancies appear between estimated wear depths. All models are actually dependent on experimental coefficients and it is likely that they were estimated in different conditions. On the other hand, a reasonable agreement can be found in some particular conditions. As an example, Zobory's, Enblom's and Jendel's models are very close to each other in severe wear conditions. This work shows that a general and reliable model could probably be developed from all positive aspects of the existing ones.     

Non-stationary random vibration analysis of three-dimensional train–bridge systems

The quarter car model has been used extensively to study the benefits of active, semi-active and passive suspensions. Despite the evident simplicity of the model, the insights obtained from this model have been found to have counterparts in half- and full-car suspension models. Among the most interesting results of the analysis of the quarter car are the relationships among certain transfer function and invariant points in the frequency response functions. These results are of great interest for the application of linear control techniques to the design of active suspensions and the optimisation of linearised passive suspensions. This paper attempts to show why some of the limitations implied by the model are less absolute than they at first seem.     

Indirect method for wheel–rail force measurement and derailment evaluation

Wheel set flange derailment criteria for railway vehicles are derived and the influence of wheel–rail contact parameters is studied. An indirect method for wheel–rail force measurement based on these derailment evaluation criteria is proposed. Laboratory tests for the calibration of strain–force devices on the bearing box are carried out to determine the relationship between the applied force and the measured strain. The simulation package, SIMPACK, is used to develop a passenger car model to generate wheel–rail forces and vibration signals. Different cases are considered in this model to provide an accurate validation of the identified wheel–rail forces. A feasibility test is conducted in the Beijing Loop test line using a passenger car equipped with a set of strain gauges on the wheel set. The comparison of the force time history applied to the instrumented wheel set and that obtained using the indirect method is presented.     

浅谈青藏线转辙设备的养护与维修

本文根据CTS2轨枕式转辙机本身的特点以及青藏铁路的管理模式，从养护、维修的角度，简要说明了CTS2轨枕式转辙机需要的养护工作量、故障处理方法、维修特点及在施工中要注意的问题。     

浅论基于安全网络信息平台的客运专线综合监控系统

针对客运专线的特点以及中国铁路科技发展的目标，提出了集监测、控制和管理为一体的基于安全网络信息平台的安全监控系统的模型。并对客运专线环境下的综合监控系统的系统结构、主要功能和特点以及应用效果等展开论述。     

10kV电力系统谐振过电压的原因及抑制措施

通过对10kV中性点不接地运行方式下谐振过电压的分析,说明产生谐振过电压的条件、种类及特点,并提出以下抑制谐振过电压的措施:采用自动调谐接地补偿装置或可控硅多功能消谐装置,在电压互感器的中性点接消弧线圈,或接消谐器等。     

客运专线牵引变压器选型综合分析

在分析高速牵引负荷特性的基础上,基于为机车提供可靠供电和满足用电的相应国家标准和技术规则的综合要求,从电力系统、综合补偿、机车3个方面论及了客运专线牵引主变压器接线选型。     

铁路智能运输系统体系框架结构化方法应用研究

结合"铁路智能运输系统体系框架研究"项目,重点对体系框架的研究方法进行研究.概述结构化方法的基本原理,介绍结构化分析SA与结构化设计SD在构建RITS体系框架中的应用,以及下一步的研究重点.     

基于AHP的旅客列车票额分配系统指标评价体系

通过对当前旅客列车票额分配指标评价的分析,以铁路局旅客列车票额分配系统为对象,提出运用层次分析法建立一套涉及运能、客运效率和经济效益的旅客列车票额分配指标评价体系,并对该体系的结构及各指标的意义和计算方法进行了详细描述.